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Lubricants
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Rheology of Lubricants in Lubrication Engineering
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Rheology of Lubricants in Lubrication Engineering

A special issue of Lubricants (ISSN 2075-4442).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 1514

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maciej Paszkowski

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Guest Editor
Department of Fundamentals of Machine Design and Mechatronic Systems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Ignacego Łukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland
Interests: rheology; tribology; surface engineering; biomedical engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Piotr Sokolski

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Guest Editor
Department of Fundamentals of Machine Design and Mechatronic Systems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Ignacego Łukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland
Interests: tribology; lubricating oils; safety; finite element analysis; vibroacoustics
Dr. Krzysztof Biernacki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Fundamentals of Machine Design and Mechatronic Systems, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Ignacego Łukasiewicza 7/9, 50-371 Wrocław, Poland
Interests: rheology; tribology; greases; lubricating oils

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Rheology is a fundamental, interdisciplinary field of knowledge that focuses on studying the response of real substances to stress. It originated over 80 years ago. Today, the need for rheological research in various industries is becoming increasingly apparent due to the modernization of technological processes and the continuous rise in quality requirements for final products. The same applies to lubrication engineering. Knowledge of rheology enables the development of higher-quality lubricants. This field is crucial for understanding and predicting how lubricants behave under real working conditions, which is essential for ensuring effective and long-lasting lubrication in mechanical systems. The rheology of lubricants plays a key role in understanding the formation of a lubricant film on the working surfaces of friction junctions. It is also significant in environmental protection, as it allows for more efficient dosing of lubricants through centralized lubrication systems.

This Special Issue aims to present the complex issues of rheology, focusing primarily on greases. The scientific papers included in this Special Issue can be an excellent source of knowledge for specialists in machine design and operation, chemical engineering, as well as designers and users of machines and equipment.

Dr. Maciej Paszkowski
Dr. Piotr Sokolski
Dr. Krzysztof Biernacki
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Lubricants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • rheology
  • tribology
  • greases
  • lubricating oils

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 2169 KB  
Article
AI-Driven Rheological and Tribological Performance Modeling of Transmission Oil Blended with Castor Oil and Enhanced with CeO2 and MWCNTs Additives for Sustainable Lubrication Systems
by Vijaya Sarathi Timmapuram, Sudhanshu Dogra and Ankit Kotia
Lubricants 2025, 13(12), 523; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13120523 - 30 Nov 2025
Viewed by 196
Abstract
This study examines the rheological and tribological behavior of bio-based nano-lubricants enhanced with cerium oxide (CeO2) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), alongside the application of artificial intelligence (AI) models for performance prediction. Rheological results confirmed non-Newtonian, shear-thinning behavior across all formulations. [...] Read more.
This study examines the rheological and tribological behavior of bio-based nano-lubricants enhanced with cerium oxide (CeO2) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), alongside the application of artificial intelligence (AI) models for performance prediction. Rheological results confirmed non-Newtonian, shear-thinning behavior across all formulations. CeO2-based lubricants exhibited significantly higher viscosities at 40 °C (up to ~3700 mPa·s at low shear), which decreased sharply with shear, indicating strong particle interactions. In contrast, MWCNT-based lubricants maintained moderate viscosities (90–365 mPa·s at 40 °C) with improved flowability due to nanotube alignment. At 100 °C, both systems showed viscosity reduction, stabilizing between 8 and 18 mPa·s, which favors pumpability in high-temperature applications. Tribological testing revealed distinct performance characteristics. CeO2 lubricants showed slightly higher coefficients of friction (0.144–0.169) but excellent wear resistance, achieving the lowest wear rate of 1.66 × 10−6 mm3/N-m. MWCNT-based lubricants offered stable and lower CoF values (0.116–0.148) while also providing very low wear rates, with MCO6 achieving 1.62 × 10−6 mm3/N-m. However, ternary blends (C20T80 and M20T80) displayed moderate CoF but significantly higher wear rates (up to 2.92 × 10−5 mm3/N-m), suggesting that blending improves dispersion but weakens tribo-film stability. To complement the experimental findings, support vector regression (SVR), artificial neural networks (ANN), and AdaBoost algorithms were employed to predict key performance parameters based on compositional and thermal input data. The models demonstrated high prediction accuracy, validating the feasibility of AI-driven formulation screening. These results highlight the complementary potential of CeO2 and MWCNT additives for high-performance bio-lubricant development and emphasize the role of machine learning in accelerating material optimization for sustainable lubrication systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rheology of Lubricants in Lubrication Engineering)
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33 pages, 5867 KB  
Article
Quantitative Study on the Friction of Different Types of Base Oils Based on Stribeck Curve and Traction Curve Characterization
by Xinao Guo, Yan Zhao, Wenjing Lou, Binbin Zhang, Xiaobo Wang, Feng Guo and Haichao Liu
Lubricants 2025, 13(11), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13110485 - 3 Nov 2025
Viewed by 585
Abstract
Oils with low-friction performance are essential to meet the evolving requirements of the modern industry. Except for the viscosity, there is still a lack of a high-pressure rheological parameter that can quantitatively compare the friction performance of base oils. This study investigated the [...] Read more.
Oils with low-friction performance are essential to meet the evolving requirements of the modern industry. Except for the viscosity, there is still a lack of a high-pressure rheological parameter that can quantitatively compare the friction performance of base oils. This study investigated the frictional behavior of six types of base oils with identical viscosity at 40 °C—paraffinic mineral oil 500N, naphthenic mineral oil, polyalphaolefin (PAO), oil-soluble polyether, ester oil, and alkyl naphthalene. Stribeck and traction curves were measured. The limiting shear stress (LSS) has been proposed and modeled for the quantitative comparison of the friction behavior of the base oils at high pressures (1.2–1.7 GPa). Results indicate that the PAO exhibits the lowest friction coefficient. Additionally, the LSS of all tested oils has a linear relation with the average contact pressure (R2 > 99%), suggesting that the LSS at different mean contact pressures can be predicted using a linear LSS-pressure fitting model. This work contributes to providing fluid rheological models for the quantitative EHL friction prediction and provides guidance for choosing low-friction base oils for EHL-lubricated rolling/sliding contacts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rheology of Lubricants in Lubrication Engineering)
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