Explore Innovative Exercise-Based Interventions for Chronic Diseases

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2025) | Viewed by 1680

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Division of Sports Science, College of Arts and Physical Education, Sun Moon University, Asan-si 31460, Republic of Korea
Interests: environmental exercise physiology; physiological responses to acute exercise; exercise training; exercise metabolism
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative stress (OS) results from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s antioxidant defense capacity. OS contributes to cellular and DNA damage and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and neurodegenerative disorders. Likewise, inflammation—while essential for immune defense—can have harmful effects when chronically elevated, as seen in many lifestyle-related and chronic diseases. Obesity is a well-known example, characterized by persistent low-grade inflammation.

Emerging evidence suggests that regular physical activity and structured exercise training can help restore redox balance and attenuate systemic inflammation by enhancing antioxidant defense and modulating immune function. In contrast, acute bouts of intense exercise may temporarily increase OS, leading to muscle damage, inflammation, and atrophy. Interestingly, exercise-induced OS also appears to support muscle regeneration following injury, reflecting the dual and context-dependent nature of exercise responses. However, the mechanisms behind these paradoxical effects are not yet completely understood.

Following the positive reception of the previous edition, we are pleased to continue this scientific dialog by inviting contributions that explore the complex interactions between physical activity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. We welcome submissions based on human and animal models, as well as studies examining how environmental stressors—such as particulate matter exposure or hypoxic conditions—interact with exercise-related physiological responses.

Through this Special Issue, we hope to foster deeper insight into the therapeutic potential of exercise in managing OS- and inflammation-related conditions, and to encourage the continued exploration of the complex underlying biological mechanisms.

Dr. Hee-Tae Roh
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • physical activity
  • acute exercise
  • exercise training
  • inflammation
  • oxidative stress
  • antioxidant
  • chronic disease
  • environmental stress
  • brain health
  • aging

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1676 KB  
Article
Eight Weeks of Aerobic Exercise Training Improves Fitness, Metabolic Health, Inflammation, and Intestinal Barrier Integrity in Overweight and Obese Women of Different Age Groups
by Tae-Hyung Lee, Hyung-Il Lee, Hee-Tae Roh and Su-Youn Cho
Life 2025, 15(11), 1752; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15111752 - 14 Nov 2025
Viewed by 1394
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise training on body composition, lipid profiles, organokines (leptin, irisin), inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6]), and intestinal barrier permeability markers (zonulin, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein [LBP]) in overweight and obese women of [...] Read more.
This study investigated the effects of eight weeks of aerobic exercise training on body composition, lipid profiles, organokines (leptin, irisin), inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP], interleukin-6 [IL-6]), and intestinal barrier permeability markers (zonulin, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein [LBP]) in overweight and obese women of different age groups. We hypothesized that aerobic exercise would improve cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, lipid metabolism, and reduce pro-inflammatory responses and intestinal permeability, and that these effects would differ between age groups. A total of 32 participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 23 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 8 per group): young exercise (YE), young control (YC), middle-aged exercise (ME), and middle-aged control (MC). The intervention consisted of treadmill running for 50 min per session, four times per week, at an intensity corresponding to 65% of the target heart rate (THR), calculated using the Karvonen formula, for a duration of eight weeks. Body composition variables included body weight, BMI, body fat mass (BFM), percentage body fat (PBF), lean body mass (LBM), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Blood samples were analyzed for lipid profiles (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]), organokines, inflammatory markers, and intestinal barrier integrity biomarkers. After the intervention, the YE and ME groups exhibited significant reductions (p < 0.05) in body weight, BMI, BFM, PBF, TC, TG, LDL-C, leptin, hs-CRP, IL-6, zonulin, and LBP. In contrast, LBM and VO2max significantly increased (p < 0.05) in both exercise groups. No significant changes were observed in irisin concentrations or HDL-C levels (p > 0.05). These results suggest that aerobic exercise training, irrespective of age, is effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and lipid metabolism, while simultaneously reducing systemic inflammation and is associated with favorable changes in circulating biomarkers of intestinal barrier function in overweight and obese women. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Explore Innovative Exercise-Based Interventions for Chronic Diseases)
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