Advances in Binocular Vision Assessment and Management: From Anomalies to Oculomotor Norms

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2026) | Viewed by 1610

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. Vissum Miranza Alicante, 03016 Alicante, Spain
2. Grupo de Investigación en Optometría GIOptom, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
Interests: optometry; binocular vision; accommodation; visual dysfunctions

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Binocular vision is at the heart of how we perceive and interact with the world. It allows us to integrate two separate images into a unified perception, supporting depth judgment, fine motor coordination, and everyday tasks that shape our quality of life. When disrupted, binocular vision anomalies not only affect visual performance but can also influence learning, behavior, and overall well-being. Today, rapid advances in science and technology are transforming how these conditions are understood, diagnosed, and managed.

This Special Issue invites researchers, clinicians, and innovators to contribute their latest findings and perspectives on binocular vision assessment and management. We are particularly interested in studies that explore the continuum from anomalies to normative oculomotor behaviors, highlighting both challenges and opportunities for clinical practice. Submissions may include original research, clinical trials, and comprehensive reviews.

Topics of interest include new diagnostic strategies for detecting binocular dysfunctions; advances in understanding vergence, accommodation, and eye movement control; the role of binocular anomalies in daily function; and the outcomes of emerging therapeutic and rehabilitation programs. We also encourage contributions that showcase the integration of innovative tools such as eye-tracking, virtual and augmented reality, artificial intelligence, and neuroimaging into the study of binocular vision.

By bringing together diverse voices from across disciplines, this Special Issue aims to inspire fresh insights and foster collaboration. Ultimately, our goal is to advance knowledge that not only deepens scientific understanding but also leads to better diagnostic accuracy, more effective treatments, and meaningful improvements in patients’ lives.

Dr. Mario Cantó-Cerdán
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • binocular vision
  • oculomotor control vergence
  • accommodation
  • strabismus
  • amblyopia
  • convergence insufficiency
  • eye-tracking
  • visual rehabilitation
  • normative oculomotor behavior

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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32 pages, 5469 KB  
Systematic Review
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of RCTs on Efficacy of Conventional vs. Emerging Treatments for Amblyopia
by Clara Martinez-Perez and Ana Paula Oliveira
Life 2026, 16(2), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/life16020222 - 28 Jan 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1179
Abstract
Amblyopia affects 1–4% of the population and remains a leading cause of unilateral visual impairment, with adherence and residual deficits limiting outcomes of standard therapies. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effectiveness of conventional and emerging amblyopia treatments in children, adolescents, and [...] Read more.
Amblyopia affects 1–4% of the population and remains a leading cause of unilateral visual impairment, with adherence and residual deficits limiting outcomes of standard therapies. This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effectiveness of conventional and emerging amblyopia treatments in children, adolescents, and adults with anisometropic, strabismic, or mixed amblyopia. Following PRISMA guidelines and PROSPERO registration (CRD420251123552), PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched up to 5 August 2025 for randomized controlled trials. Sixty-six trials (sample sizes 7–404) were included, with thirty-six contributing to the meta-analysis. Primary outcomes were best-corrected visual acuity (logMAR) and stereopsis. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool, and certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. Atropine penalization and occlusion demonstrated equivalent effects on visual acuity (mean difference 0.04 logMAR; 95% CI −0.04 to 0.12; moderate-certainty evidence). Digital, dichoptic, binocular, and virtual reality therapies showed a statistically significant but small improvement over patching (mean difference 0.02 logMAR; 95% CI 0.00–0.04; low-certainty evidence). Pharmacological adjuvants combined with patching yielded slightly larger gains (mean difference 0.08 logMAR; 95% CI 0.03–0.13; low-to-moderate certainty). No consistent benefit was observed for stereopsis outcomes. Overall, the certainty of evidence ranged from low to moderate, and most pooled effects were below commonly accepted thresholds for clinically meaningful visual acuity improvement (≈0.1 logMAR, one line). Atropine and occlusion remain equivalent first-line treatments, while adjunctive and multimodal approaches may offer limited additional benefit in selected patients when adherence, tolerability, and engagement are prioritized. Full article
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