Instructed Heritage Language Acquisition in Diverse Contexts

A special issue of Languages (ISSN 2226-471X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2020) | Viewed by 18526

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Spanish and Portuguese, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 4080 FLB, MC-176, 707 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Interests: classroom second language acquisition; heritage language acquisition; language testing and assessment

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Guest Editor
Department of Spanish & Portuguese, University of California at Irvine, 322 Humanities Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-5275, USA
Interests: Heritage/second language acquisition; bilingualism; cognition; task-based language learning; curriculum and instruction.

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A testament to the explosion of interest in heritage languages can be seen in the volume of recent publications addressing the topic. In just the last seven years, nine books (six edited volumes (Beaudrie and Fairclough 2012; Fairclough and Beaudrie 2016; Kagan, Carreira, and Chik 2017; Pascual y Cabo 2016; Potowski 2018; Zapata and Lacorte 2018) and three single-authored manuscripts (Beaudrie, Ducar, and Potowski 2014; Montrul 2016; Polinsky 2018)) have been published by academic presses on the topic of heritage languages, and several recent Special Issues of peer-reviewed journals have also been dedicated to the topics of minority/heritage languages in that time period in high-profile publications such as Studies in Second Language Acquisition and The International Journal of Bilingualism.

Research on heritage languages to date has focused on a range of issues, including language policy and identity, descriptive studies of heritage speaker profiles, and socio-cultural factors in language maintenance (Brinton, Kagan, and Bauckus 2008). Theoretical linguists have also begun to research aspects of such speakers’ minority language grammars for the contributions they make to long-standing debates about necessary and sufficient conditions for language acquisition (Benmamoun, Montrul, and Polinsky 2013). However, despite the growing amount of research from different perspectives on heritage speaker populations around the world, few studies have examined the outcomes of classroom teaching of minority languages (Bowles and Torres, accepted; Bowles 2018; Sanz and Torres 2018; Montrul and Bowles 2017). According to Carreira and Kagan (2018), “(t)hat HL learners’ language pedagogical needs differ from those of second language (L2) learners has been the central tenet of the field from its inception. However, the precise nature of these needs and what they mean for instruction have started to come into focus only recently”.

To this end, we are organizing this Special Issue as a compilation of empirical (data-based) studies on the outcomes of heritage language instruction to answer the question, “How does instruction in diverse contexts impact learners?” Studies can address how instruction affects linguistic knowledge as well as how it impacts learners in other ways (e.g., extralinguistic effects, such as the desire to continue studying the heritage language, community involvement, and attitudes and perceptions). We are also interested in studies conducted across a number of contexts that can include local and study abroad settings.

We welcome studies that have examined the effects of instruction in any heritage language, as well as studies that have been conducted in the following contexts: formal educational settings (e.g., elementary, middle, and high schools, community colleges, and universities); community (Saturday or weekend) heritage language schools that operate outside the formal educational system; service-learning programs that connect heritage learners with significant local community-based work; and, study abroad settings in which the learners’ heritage language is the majority language of the society.

The tentative completion schedule is as follows:

- Abstract submission deadline: 15 July 2020;

- Notification of abstract acceptance: 30 July 2020;

- Full manuscript deadline: 30 November 2020.

We request that, prior to submitting a manuscript, interested authors initially submit a proposed title and an abstract of 400-600 words summarizing their intended contribution. Please send it to the guest editors with "Languages Special Issue" in the subject line ([email protected];[email protected] ) and cc /Languages/ editorial office ([email protected]). Abstracts will be reviewed by the guest editors for the purposes of ensuring proper fit within the scope of the special issue. Full manuscripts will undergo double-blind peer-review.

References:

Beaudrie, S. M., Ducar, C., & Potowski, K. (2014). Heritage language teaching: Research and practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Beaudrie, S. M. & Fairclough, M. (2012). Spanish as a heritage language in the United States: The State of the Field. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

Benmamoun, E., Montrul, S., & Polinksy, M. (2013). Heritage and their speakers: Opportunities and challenges for linguistics. Theoretical Linguistics, 39(3–4), 129–181.

Bowles, M. (2018). Outcomes of classroom Spanish heritage language instruction. In K. Potowski (Ed.), The Routledge handbook on Spanish as a heritage/minority language (pp. 331–344). New York: Routledge Press.

Bowles, M. & Torres, J. (accepted). Instructed heritage language acquisition. In M. Polinsky & S. Montrul (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of heritage languages and linguistics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Brinton, D. M., Kagan, O., & Bauckus, S. (2008). Heritage language education: A new field emerging. New York: Routledge.

Carreira, M. & Kagan, O. (2018). Heritage language education: A proposal for the next 50 years. Foreign Language Annals, 51(1), 152–168.

Fairclough, M. & Beaudrie, S. M. (2016). Innovative strategies for heritage language teaching: A practical guide for the classroom. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.

Kagan, O., Carreira, M., & Chik, C. (2017). The Routledge handbook of heritage language education: From innovation to program building. New York: Routledge Press.

Montrul, S. (2016). The acquisition of heritage languages. Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Montrul, S. & Bowles, M. (2017). Instructed heritage language acquisition. In S. Loewen & M. Sato (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of instructed second language acquisition (pp. 488–502). New York: Routledge Press.

Pascual y Cabo, D. (2016). Advances in Spanish as a heritage language. Philadelphia/Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Polinsky, M. (2018). Heritage languages and their speakers. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Potowski, K. (2018). The Routledge handbook of Spanish as a minority/heritage language. New York: Routledge Press.

Sanz, C. & Torres, J. (2018). The prior language experience of heritage bilinguals. In P. A. Malovrh & A. G. Benati (Eds.), The handbook of advanced proficiency in second language acquisition (pp. 179–198). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Press.

Zapata, G. C. & Lacorte, M. (2017). Multiliteracies pedagogy and language learning: Teaching Spanish to heritage speakers. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave MacMillan.

Dr. Melissa Bowles
Dr. Julio Torres
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • heritage language learner
  • instruction
  • diverse context
  • learning outcomes
  • linguistic outcomes
  • extralinguistic effects
  • classroom
  • community schools
  • service-learning
  • study abroad

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

30 pages, 2556 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Perceptions: Instructor–Student Dynamics in the Spanish Heritage Classroom
by Patricia González Darriba, Benjamin Kinsella, Crystal Marull and Nathan Campbell
Languages 2021, 6(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6010046 - 14 Mar 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3249
Abstract
The rising population of heritage speakers (HS) in university courses in the US has increased the need for instructors who understand the linguistic, social, and cultural profiles of their students. Recent research has discussed the need for specialized courses and their differentiation from [...] Read more.
The rising population of heritage speakers (HS) in university courses in the US has increased the need for instructors who understand the linguistic, social, and cultural profiles of their students. Recent research has discussed the need for specialized courses and their differentiation from second-language (L2) classes, as well as the intersection between HS and language attitudes. However, prior studies have not examined HS students’ language attitudes toward the sociolinguistic background of the instructors and their effect on classroom interactions. Therefore, this study explores HS students’ overall language attitudes and perceptions of their instructors’ sociolinguistic background. In a survey, HS university students (N = 92) across the US assessed four instructor profiles along five dimensions. Results showed that students rated more favorably instructors born and raised in Latin America, followed by those from Spain. Furthermore, HS favored these two profiles over HS or L2 profiles as their course instructors. However, preferences were less marked in the online context. These findings demonstrate that to design supportive learning spaces with—rather than for—HS students, programs must first acknowledge how classroom dynamics are shaped by the perspectives brought into the learning space and by the context of the learning space itself. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Instructed Heritage Language Acquisition in Diverse Contexts)
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21 pages, 470 KiB  
Article
Reinforcement of Grammatical Structures through Explicit Instruction in Palenquero Creole: A Pilot Study
by Estilita María Cassiani Obeso
Languages 2021, 6(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6010041 - 4 Mar 2021
Viewed by 3045
Abstract
The Afro-Hispanic creole, Palenquero, has been spoken (together with Spanish) in the village of San Basilio de Palenque, Colombia, for centuries. Until recently, Palenquero was endangered due to prejudice, but language revitalization efforts are underway, and younger speakers are learning Palenquero, but with [...] Read more.
The Afro-Hispanic creole, Palenquero, has been spoken (together with Spanish) in the village of San Basilio de Palenque, Colombia, for centuries. Until recently, Palenquero was endangered due to prejudice, but language revitalization efforts are underway, and younger speakers are learning Palenquero, but with little reinforcement out of school. The school instruction involves no grammatical explanations, almost no student production, or critical feedback. Adult speakers usually do not address younger speakers in Palenquero, thus leaving school-acquired forms suspended without reinforcement. This represents a unique scenario of heritage acquisition of a language with no bidirectional communication between younger and adult speakers. The present study focuses on the use of preverbal particles and prenominal plural marker by heritage speakers of Palenquero before and after explicit instruction. Communication activities explicitly presented the prenominal plural ma and preverbal particles, such as zero morpheme (simple present), asé (habitual), ta (progressive), a (perfective/simple past) and tan (future). Participants performed better at the post-test and results suggest that explicit explanation of grammatical rules, practice, repetition, and corrective feedback improved the usage of ma and tan. This result lines up with previous studies that posit the amount of time and exposure that learners need in order to acquire complex morphology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Instructed Heritage Language Acquisition in Diverse Contexts)
23 pages, 478 KiB  
Article
Understanding Heritage Language Learners’ Critical Language Awareness (CLA) in Mixed Language Programs
by Laura Gasca Jiménez and Sergio Adrada-Rafael
Languages 2021, 6(1), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6010037 - 27 Feb 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4009
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of mixed language programs across the United States, their impact on the unique socio-affective needs of heritage language (HL) students has not been researched sufficiently. Therefore, the present study examines HL learners’ critical language awareness (CLA) in a mixed Spanish [...] Read more.
Despite the prevalence of mixed language programs across the United States, their impact on the unique socio-affective needs of heritage language (HL) students has not been researched sufficiently. Therefore, the present study examines HL learners’ critical language awareness (CLA) in a mixed Spanish undergraduate program at a small private university in the eastern United States. Sixteen HL learners enrolled in different Spanish upper-level courses participated in the study. Respondents completed an existing questionnaire to measure CLA, which includes 19 Likert-type items addressing different areas, such as language variation, language ideologies, bilingualism, and language maintenance. Overall, the results show that learners in the mixed language program under study have “somewhat high” and “high” levels of CLA. The increased levels of CLA in learners who had completed three courses or more in the program, coupled with their strong motivation, suggests that this program contributes positively toward HL students’ CLA. However, respondents’ answers also reveal standard language ideologies, as well as the personal avoidance of code-switching. Based on these findings, two areas that could benefit from a wider representation in the curriculum of mixed language programs are discussed: language ideologies and plurilingual language practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Instructed Heritage Language Acquisition in Diverse Contexts)
19 pages, 1539 KiB  
Article
A Comparison of the Effects of Mindful Conceptual Engagement for the Teaching of the Subjunctive to Heritage- and Second-Language Learners of Spanish
by Antoni Fernandez Parera
Languages 2021, 6(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6010023 - 29 Jan 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2858
Abstract
This article investigates the effects that Mindful Conceptual Engagement (MCE) had on the teaching of the Spanish subjunctive on second (L2) and heritage language learners (HL) of Spanish. A total of 26 university-level undergraduate students participated in the study; 12 were advanced L2 [...] Read more.
This article investigates the effects that Mindful Conceptual Engagement (MCE) had on the teaching of the Spanish subjunctive on second (L2) and heritage language learners (HL) of Spanish. A total of 26 university-level undergraduate students participated in the study; 12 were advanced L2 students and 14 were intermediate HL students. The methodology used was MCE, which is based on the principles of Concept-Based Instruction (Negueruela 2003; Negueruela and Lantolf 2006). MCE has its origins in Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory and it proposes that the creation and manipulation of didactic models by students promotes the internalization of complex grammatical concepts that would otherwise require long grammatical explanations. Models need to be generalizable and informative and can include, for example, flowcharts, pictures, or schemas among others. In the present study, the concept of [±EXPERIENCE] (Bull 1965) was used to teach the variable uses of indicative and subjunctive in adjectival relative clauses (Busco unas tijeras que cortan/corten). Students had to create their own models and use them to complete a series of assignments in class and at home. Production and interpretation exercises were used in pre- and post-test questionnaires to gauge their improvement. Feedback questionnaires were administered three weeks after the intervention to measure the attitudes and perceptions towards the use of didactic models. Results indicate that both groups improved their indicative/subjunctive interpretation and production abilities after MCE. However, statistically significant differences exist between HL and L2 students according to type of task and student group. Feedback questionnaire results also show that MCE was regarded as positive and useful by both groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Instructed Heritage Language Acquisition in Diverse Contexts)
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16 pages, 817 KiB  
Article
Attitudes and Expectations towards Heritage Language Instruction: Evidence from Korean and Spanish in the US
by Esther Hur, Julio Cesar Lopez Otero and Eunji Lee
Languages 2021, 6(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages6010014 - 14 Jan 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3603
Abstract
This study investigated how the attitudes and expectations of heritage languages (HL) courses differ between Spanish and Korean. Spanish and Korean are two of the biggest heritage languages (HLs) taught across American universities, but represent different trends of HL in the US. Ninety-two [...] Read more.
This study investigated how the attitudes and expectations of heritage languages (HL) courses differ between Spanish and Korean. Spanish and Korean are two of the biggest heritage languages (HLs) taught across American universities, but represent different trends of HL in the US. Ninety-two adult heritage speakers (HSs) completed a 41-question online questionnaire on their perceived HL proficiency as well as on what aspects of HL courses should target and what activities would be more beneficial for them. The results showed that the two groups of HSs present different attitudes and expectations towards HL instruction. Spanish HSs value their HL classes as a way to prepare for professional success and expect to receive more explicit instruction in the classroom. On the other hand, Korean HSs favor cultural components and take HL courses as a tool for reconnection with their community and cultures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Instructed Heritage Language Acquisition in Diverse Contexts)
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