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Research and Role of Organelles in Medicine
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Research and Role of Organelles in Medicine

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Medicine, Cell, and Organism Physiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 October 2021) | Viewed by 12070

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Konstantin Belosludtsev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
Interests: mitochondria; biophysics; diabetes mellitus; myopathy; mitochondrial Ca2+ transport; permeability transition pore; oxidative stress; reactive oxygen species; lipids; membrane proteins; liposomes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

The development of modern medicine involves the search for new molecular targets for the treatment of various diseases. Such targets include membrane-bound and proteinaceous organelles, which are the control elements of the cell. Mitochondria-targeted approaches may support cellular energetics in multiple pathologies or, conversely, induce tumor cell death. A number of diseases may lead to dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum and impairment of intra- and extracellular signaling pathways. Changes in the processes of autophagy may also accompany various disorders.

The Special Issue focuses on current medical research that highlights the importance of intracellular organelles in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Contributions will include, but not be limited to, papers dealing with mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, autophagy, etc. Overall, the information in this Special Issue will facilitate the development of targeting personal therapeutics of greater clinical value.

Prof. Konstantin Belosludtsev
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mitochondria
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • lysosomes
  • Golgi complex
  • autophagy
  • cell death

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 2617 KiB  
Article
Effects of the Autophagy-Inhibiting Agent Chloroquine on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells; Characterization of Patient Heterogeneity
by Ida Sofie Grønningsæter, Håkon Reikvam, Elise Aasebø, Sushma Bartaula-Brevik, Maria Hernandez-Valladares, Frode Selheim, Frode S. Berven, Tor Henrik Tvedt, Øystein Bruserud and Kimberley Joanne Hatfield
J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11(8), 779; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11080779 - 10 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3757
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular degradation process that prevents cell damage and promotes cell survival, and clinical efforts have exploited autophagy inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in cancer. Chloroquine is a well-known antimalarial agent that inhibits late-stage autophagy. We evaluated the effects [...] Read more.
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular degradation process that prevents cell damage and promotes cell survival, and clinical efforts have exploited autophagy inhibition as a therapeutic strategy in cancer. Chloroquine is a well-known antimalarial agent that inhibits late-stage autophagy. We evaluated the effects of chloroquine on cell viability and proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells derived from 81 AML patients. Our results show that chloroquine decreased AML cell viability and proliferation for the majority of patients. Furthermore, a subgroup of AML patients showed a greater susceptibility to chloroquine, and using hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified 99 genes upregulated in this patient subgroup, including several genes related to leukemogenesis. The combination of chloroquine with low-dose cytarabine had an additive inhibitory effect on AML cell proliferation. Finally, a minority of patients showed increased extracellular constitutive mediator release in the presence of chloroquine, which was associated with strong antiproliferative effects of chloroquine as well as cytarabine. We conclude that chloroquine has antileukemic activity and should be further explored as a therapeutic drug against AML in combination with other cytotoxic or metabolic drugs; however, due to the patient heterogeneity, chloroquine therapy will probably be effective only for selected patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Role of Organelles in Medicine)
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Review

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19 pages, 4182 KiB  
Review
Conjugation of Natural Triterpenic Acids with Delocalized Lipophilic Cations: Selective Targeting Cancer Cell Mitochondria
by Anna Yu. Spivak, Darya A. Nedopekina, Rinat R. Gubaidullin, Mikhail V. Dubinin and Konstantin N. Belosludtsev
J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11(6), 470; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11060470 - 25 May 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3601
Abstract
Currently, a new line of research on mitochondria-targeted anticancer drugs is actively developing in the field of biomedicine and medicinal chemistry. The distinguishing features of this universal target for anticancer agents include presence of mitochondria in the overwhelming majority, if not all types [...] Read more.
Currently, a new line of research on mitochondria-targeted anticancer drugs is actively developing in the field of biomedicine and medicinal chemistry. The distinguishing features of this universal target for anticancer agents include presence of mitochondria in the overwhelming majority, if not all types of transformed cells, crucial importance of these cytoplasmic organelles in energy production, regulation of cell death pathways, as well as generation of reactive oxygen species and maintenance of calcium homeostasis. Hence, mitochondriotropic anticancer mitocan agents, acting through mitochondrial destabilization, have good prospects in cancer therapy. Available natural pentacyclic triterpenoids are considered promising scaffolds for development of new mitochondria-targeted anticancer agents. These secondary metabolites affect the mitochondria of tumor cells and initiate formation of reactive oxygen species. The present paper focuses on the latest research outcomes of synthesis and study of cytotoxic activity of conjugates of pentacyclic triterpenoids with some mitochondria-targeted cationic lipophilic molecules and highlights the advantages of applying them as novel mitocan agents compared to their prototype natural triterpenic acids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Role of Organelles in Medicine)
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17 pages, 619 KiB  
Review
Melatonin as a Potential Multitherapeutic Agent
by Yulia Baburina, Alexey Lomovsky and Olga Krestinina
J. Pers. Med. 2021, 11(4), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11040274 - 06 Apr 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4003
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MEL) is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that was discovered many years ago. The physiological roles of this hormone in the body are varied. The beneficial effects of MEL administration may be related to its influence on mitochondrial physiology. [...] Read more.
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MEL) is a hormone produced by the pineal gland that was discovered many years ago. The physiological roles of this hormone in the body are varied. The beneficial effects of MEL administration may be related to its influence on mitochondrial physiology. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered an important factor in various physiological and pathological processes, such as the development of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, various forms of liver disease, skeletal muscle disorders, and aging. Mitochondrial dysfunction induces an increase in the permeability of the inner membrane, which leads to the formation of a permeability transition pore (mPTP) in the mitochondria. The long-term administration of MEL has been shown to improve the functional state of mitochondria and inhibit the opening of the mPTP during aging. It is known that MEL is able to suppress the initiation, progression, angiogenesis, and metastasis of cancer as well as the sensitization of malignant cells to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This review summarizes the studies carried out by our group on the combined effect of MEL with chemotherapeutic agents (retinoic acid, cytarabine, and navitoclax) on the HL-60 cells used as a model of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Data on the effects of MEL on oxidative stress, aging, and heart failure are also reported. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research and Role of Organelles in Medicine)
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