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College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: microbial molecular biology; molecular microbiology; applied microbiology; edible mushroom
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Prof. Dr. Gen Zou

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Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
Interests: fungi; lignocellulose degradation; enzymes; lignocellulosic conversion; fermentation; integrated pest management; plant protection; crop protection; plant pathology; fungal biology
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Dr. Jing Zhu

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College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: microbial molecular biology; environmental microbiology; edible mushroom
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Edible fungi, commonly known as mushrooms, have huge yields, demands, and economic value. Many biological groups exist, but there are few domesticated varieties. Most edible fungi belong to basidiomycetes, which can form fruiting bodies. Unlike common filamentous fungi, edible fungi are heterokaryotic, and their genetic background is complex. Therefore, the genetic manipulation platform for edible fungi was established late, and basic research is lacking.

This Special Issue on “Biotechnology of Edible Fungi” will concentrate on edible fungal ecology and evolution, genetic diversity, omics research, physiology, signal transduction regulation, active ingredient regulation, fermentation process, etc. Studies on all of the abovementioned aspects will be welcome.

Prof. Dr. Mingwen Zhao
Prof. Dr. Gen Zou
Dr. Jing Zhu
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Fungi is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

edible fungi
genetic
physiology
metabolism
ecology
omics

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Research

Open AccessArticle

Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase: A Key Gene for Color Discrimination of Edible Mushroom Flammulina velutipes

and

J. Fungi 2023, 9(3), 339; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9030339 - 09 Mar 2023

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Abstract

In nature; Flammulina velutipes, also known as winter mushrooms, vary in the color of their fruiting bodies, from black, yellow, pale yellow, or beige to white. The purpose of this study was to compare the genome sequences of different colored strains of F. velutipes and to identify variations in the genes associated with fruiting body color. Comparative genomics of six F. velutipes strains revealed 70 white-strain-specific variations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions/deletions (indels), in the genome sequences. Among them, 36 variations were located in the open reading frames, and only one variation was identified as a mutation with a disruptive in-frame deletion (ΔGCGCAC) within the annotated gene phenylalanine ammonia-lyase 1 (Fvpal1). This mutation was found to cause a deletion, without a frameshift, of two amino acids at positions 112 and 113 (arginine and threonine, respectively) in the Fvpal1 gene of the white strain. Specific primers to detect this mutation were designed, and amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to evaluate whether the mutation is color specific for the F. velutipes fruiting body. PCR analysis of a total of 95 F. velutipes strains revealed that this mutation was present only in white strains. In addition, monospores of the heterozygous mutant were isolated, and whether this mutation was related to the color of the fruiting body was evaluated by a mating assay. In the mating analysis of monospores with mutations in Fvpal1, it was found that this mutation plays an important role in determining the color of the fruiting body. Furthermore, the deletion (Δ¹¹²RT¹¹³) in Fvpal1 is located between motifs that play a key role in the catalytic function of FvPAL1. These results suggest that this mutation can be used as an effective marker for the color-specific breeding of F. velutipes, a representative edible mushroom. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biotechnology of Edible Fungi 2.0)

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