New Insights in Mycelium Research: From Fundamental Mycelium Science to Applied Biotechnologies

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungi in Agriculture and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 2108

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Interests: mycelial growth kinetics; mycelium; enzymology; fungal; biodegradation; biotechnology

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Guest Editor
Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
Interests: enzymes; food chemistry; mycelium; by-product; biodegradation; food analysis; biotechnology; antioxidants

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mycelium, the filamentous vegetative network of fungi, has emerged as a significant focal point in contemporary scientific research owing to its exceptional biological functions and environmental versatility. Comprised of interconnected hyphal structures, mycelium underpins ecosystem stability through its roles in organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and the formation of mycorrhizal symbioses that enhance plant health and soil productivity. Increasingly, interdisciplinary investigations highlight mycelium’s broad potential across biotechnology, materials science, and environmental sustainability.

In biotechnology and medicine, growing evidence supports the antimicrobial, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities of fungal mycelia, positioning them as promising candidates for novel therapeutics, nutraceuticals, and immune-support applications.

Environmental research further underscores mycelium’s capacity to degrade contaminants—including hydrocarbons, pesticides, and heavy metals—through mycoremediation processes that support ecological restoration of soils and aquatic systems. Parallel advances in materials science have enabled the development of mycelium-based composites (MBCs) and pure-mycelium materials (PMMs), which offer lightweight, durable, and biodegradable alternatives to plastics, leather, and synthetic foams. Mycelium-derived biocomposites show promise in carbon sequestration and sustainable architectural design. These innovations align with global sustainability priorities, particularly the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, by contributing renewable solutions for packaging, construction, and fashion.

Collectively, these developments position mycelium research as a rapidly expanding, multidisciplinary field that integrates biological insight with technological innovation to advance sustainable practices and environmental resilience.

Dr. Galena Angelova
Prof. Dr. Albert Krastanov
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • fungi
  • basidiomycetes
  • ascomycetes
  • mycelium biomass
  • controlled in vitro cultivation
  • growth kinetic parameters
  • mycelial biotechnology
  • fungal metabolites
  • mycelium-based materials

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 7880 KB  
Article
Deciphering Neutral Ceramidase-Dependent Mechanism of Response to Aromatic Fungicides Stress in Neurospora crassa
by Pengxu Chen, Yingying Chen, Lize Wang, Ziyi Lan, Xin Zheng, Luoyuan Wang, Xi Gan, Sijia Zhang and Yanxia Zhao
J. Fungi 2026, 12(5), 340; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof12050340 - 6 May 2026
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Abstract
Ceramidases hydrolyze ceramides to fatty acids and sphingolipids, but their role in fungal response to stress remains unclear. We investigated the function of neutral ceramidase (nCDase) response to aromatic fungicide (carvacrol, cuminaldehyde, and isoniazid) stress in Neurospora crassa. Comparative analysis of the [...] Read more.
Ceramidases hydrolyze ceramides to fatty acids and sphingolipids, but their role in fungal response to stress remains unclear. We investigated the function of neutral ceramidase (nCDase) response to aromatic fungicide (carvacrol, cuminaldehyde, and isoniazid) stress in Neurospora crassa. Comparative analysis of the wild-type strain, Δnc and OEnc showed that nCDase enhanced fungicide resistance through multiple mechanisms. nCDase improved β-1,3-glucan synthesis (30% increase), decreased membrane permeability, elevated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and promoted carotenoid accumulation (50%), which collectively improved stress tolerance. Δnc exhibited disruption of cellular integrity, altered fatty acid profiles (elevated oleic acid, reduced total fatty acids), and increased fungicide sensitivity. Collectively, these findings established that nCDase as a key regulator of cell wall dynamics, lipid homeostasis, and antioxidant defense, thereby facilitating fungal adaptation to abiotic stress. This study identified the role of nCDase in the response to aromatic fungicide stress and laid foundation for inhibiting pathogenic fungi in agricultural production and food preservation. Full article
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25 pages, 11677 KB  
Article
In Vitro Modeling of Mycelium Biomass Growth Kinetics of the Novel Fungicolous Species Xylaria karsticola NBIMCC 9097, with Insights into Its Antimicrobial Potential
by Galena Angelova, Zlatka Ganeva, Bogdan Goranov, Nikoleta Kaneva, Mariya Brazkova, Petya Stefanova and Denica Blazheva
J. Fungi 2026, 12(3), 177; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof12030177 - 1 Mar 2026
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Abstract
Xylaria karsticola NBIMCC 9097 is a recently described and rare fungicolous species originating from Bulgaria. Understanding its growth behavior and bioactive potential is essential for evaluating its biotechnological and pharmaceutical relevance. In the presented study, we model the in vitro growth kinetics of [...] Read more.
Xylaria karsticola NBIMCC 9097 is a recently described and rare fungicolous species originating from Bulgaria. Understanding its growth behavior and bioactive potential is essential for evaluating its biotechnological and pharmaceutical relevance. In the presented study, we model the in vitro growth kinetics of X. karsticola mycelium under submerged cultivation and assess its antimicrobial activity. Optimization of MCM and MYB media markedly increased biomass yields to 20.11 and 23.25 g/dm3, respectively, compared with non-optimized media (9.9 ± 0.21 and 10.8 ± 0.28 g/dm3). The maximum specific growth rate was higher in the MCM (0.803 ± 0.004 h−1) in comparison with the MYB medium (0.711 ± 0.003 h−1); however, the MYB medium supported greater biomass accumulation and more efficient substrate utilization, reflected by a higher utilization coefficient (0.9900 ± 0.001 versus 0.9644 ± 0.005). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using agar disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assays against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. Hexane and ethyl acetate extracts were most effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (MIC 0.067 and 0.059 mg/cm3), while notable anti-yeast activity was observed, particularly against Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, and Pichia membranifaciens. The lowest MIC (0.02 mg/cm3) was recorded for the water biomass extract against S. ludwigii indicating potent antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganism. These findings identify X. karsticola as a potential source of antimicrobial metabolites and provide a strong motivation for comprehensive metabolomic profiling and systematic optimization of its cultivation. Full article
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