Prevention and Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungal Pathogenesis and Disease Control".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 703

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Infection and Immunity, St Georges Hospital, London, UK
Interests: cryptococcal meningitis; fungal infections; tuberculosis; advanced HIV

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The global burden of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) remains unacceptably high. HIV-associated CM claims over 100,000 lives every year and accounts for around 20% of all HIV-related deaths. Furthermore, cases are not decreasing in most African countries due to continued late presentation of patients with HIV infection, and patients falling out of care and interrupting antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, non-HIV CM cases are now the majority in many developed country settings, and there are few recent studies to guide best practice in this heterogeneous group, for whom treatment is often very challenging.

For this issue, we invite reviews and research articles that add to and review the evidence base for current guidelines and practice and ongoing implementation efforts; studies to optimise the cryptococcal antigen screen and presumptive treatment strategy to prevent HIV-associated CM; and promising new evidence and avenues that could help reduce the global burden of both HIV-associated and non-HIV-associated cryptococcal infection.

Dr. Thomas S. Harrison
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cryptococcal meningitis
  • cryptococcal antigen
  • screening antifungals
  • amphotericin
  • fluconazole
  • flucytosine
  • liposomal amphotericin
  • HIV-associated
  • non-HIV-associated intracranial pressure
  • immune reconstitution

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

9 pages, 685 KiB  
Article
An Optimized In-House Protocol for Cryptococcus neoformans DNA Extraction from Whole Blood: “Comparison of Lysis Buffer and Ox-Bile Methods”
by Fredrickson B Wasswa, Kennedy Kassaza, Kirsten Nielsen and Joel Bazira
J. Fungi 2025, 11(6), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof11060430 - 4 Jun 2025
Viewed by 333
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a capsulated yeast that enters the body through inhalation and migrates via the bloodstream to the central nervous system, causing cryptococcal meningitis. Diagnosis methods are culture, serology, and India ink staining, which require cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or whole blood. [...] Read more.
Cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a capsulated yeast that enters the body through inhalation and migrates via the bloodstream to the central nervous system, causing cryptococcal meningitis. Diagnosis methods are culture, serology, and India ink staining, which require cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or whole blood. Molecular methods are used for epidemiological studies and require expensive commercial DNA extraction kits. This study aimed to develop an economical in-house method for extracting C. neoformans DNA from whole blood. C. neoformans cells of varying McFarland standards were spiked into expired blood, then lysed using laboratory-prepared lysis buffer and ox-bile solution, followed by organic DNA extraction. Ordinary PCR targeting the CNAG 04922 gene was performed. To determine the limit of detection, serial dilutions of C. neoformans were made, and DNA extraction was performed on other parts cultured on yeast extract peptone dextrose agar to determine colony-forming units (CFU). The lysis buffer method successfully extracted DNA from as low as the average of 62 CFU in 0.9 mL of expired blood with superior quality and high yield compared to ox-bile. The lysis buffer method yielded higher DNA quality and quantity than ox-bile and detected low concentrations of C. neoformans in expired blood. This method presents a cost-effective alternative for molecular diagnosis in resource-limited settings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningitis)
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