Rare Fungal Infectious Agents

Dear Colleagues,

In the expanding population of immunocompromised patients and those treated in intensive care units, rare fungal infectious agents have emerged as important pathogens, causing invasive infections associated with high morbidity and mortality. These fungi range from extremely rare, such as Rhytidhysteron spp., to relatively “common”, such as Mucorales or Fusarium spp. In the latter case, new species, e.g., Rhizopus homothallicus, Syncephalastrum spp. or Fusarium dimerum, have been reported as being responsible for disseminated and invasive fungal diseases in humans. Diagnosis and treatment are challenging. Physicians should have a high index of suspicion because early diagnosis is of paramount importance. Conventional diagnostic methods such as cultures and histopathology are still essential, but rapid and more specific molecular techniques both for detection and identification of the infecting pathogens are being developed and will hopefully lead to early targeted treatment. The management of invasive fungal infections is multimodal. Despite the use of available antifungals, mortality remains high.

The aim of this Special Issue is to provide more information about the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of invasive fungal infections due to rare fungi, helping physicians to diagnose and treat these infections more effectively.

Dr. Anna Skiada
Dr. Maria (Miranda) Drogari-Apiranthitou
Guest Editors

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