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Underwater Acoustic Field Modulation Technology
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Underwater Acoustic Field Modulation Technology

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 November 2025 | Viewed by 1987

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Bin Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
Interests: modeling, prediction, and application of moving targets acoustic characteristics in the marine environment; acoustic scattering; acoustic detection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the cases of underwater noise control and identity recognition, underwater sound field control has always been a research hotspot. Due to the large impedance of the water medium, underwater acoustic field modulation is more challenging than air acoustic field modulation, especially the low-frequency acoustic waves. This technology is highly intersecting with topology, materials, and other disciplines. This topic focuses on the latest advances in underwater acoustic field modulation technology. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Sound cloaks;
  • Acoustic gradient materials;
  • Materials with special acoustic parameters;
  • The topology of special acoustic parameters;
  • Multi-mode materials;
  • Acoustic coding.

Dr. Bin Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sound cloaks
  • acoustic gradient materials
  • materials with special acoustic parameters
  • the topology of special acoustic parameters
  • multi-mode materials
  • acoustic coding

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 6513 KB  
Article
Striation–Correlation-Based Beamforming for Enhancing the Interference Structure of the Scattered Sound Field in Deep Water
by Jincong Dun, Changpeng Liu, Shihong Zhou, Yubo Qi and Shuanghu Liu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(9), 1818; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13091818 - 19 Sep 2025
Abstract
Considering that the information contained in the interference structure of the “target-receiver” path in active sonar is crucial for remote sensing of the target position or the environmental information, this paper studies the method for coherent extraction and enhancement of the interference structure [...] Read more.
Considering that the information contained in the interference structure of the “target-receiver” path in active sonar is crucial for remote sensing of the target position or the environmental information, this paper studies the method for coherent extraction and enhancement of the interference structure of the scattered sound field using a monostatic horizontal line array (HLA) in deep water. The HLA element–frequency domain sound intensity interference pattern of the monostatic scattered sound field is numerically simulated, and the “cutting” effect on the pattern is explained by combining the scattered sound pressure expression. Then, the mechanism of the sound propagation effect of the “source-target” path on the interference structure of the “target-receiver” path is clarified. In deep water, the phase relationship of the HLA scattered sound pressure is derived based on the ray theory, and its similarity with the phase relationship of the array passive received signals affected by the source spectrum is researched. The method for the coherent enhancement of the interference structure between the target and the reference array element for the deep-water active sonar is proposed, which uses the phase information of the single-element (SE) signal to generate the array cross-correlation data and then performs striation-based beamforming on it (i.e., the striation–correlation-based beamforming with single element, SCBF-SE). The results of numerical simulation and sea trial data analysis show the effectiveness of this method for interference structure enhancement. The performance differences between SCBF-SE and the incoherent accumulation of the striation energy (IASE) method in interference structure enhancement are compared. The results indicate that SCBF-SE has better performance under the conditions of the same received signal-to-noise ratio and the number of array elements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underwater Acoustic Field Modulation Technology)
19 pages, 7045 KB  
Article
An Iterative Physical Acoustics Method for Modeling Acoustic Scattering by Penetrable Objects
by Wenhuan Wang, Yi Xie, Bin Wang and Jun Fan
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(9), 1611; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13091611 - 23 Aug 2025
Viewed by 380
Abstract
Efficient modeling of acoustic scattering from water-filled thin shells remains challenging due to prohibitive computational costs of rigorous methods and oversimplifications in ray-based approximations. This paper develops an iterative physical acoustics (IPA) method, presenting simple and explicit formulations for scattering by penetrable objects [...] Read more.
Efficient modeling of acoustic scattering from water-filled thin shells remains challenging due to prohibitive computational costs of rigorous methods and oversimplifications in ray-based approximations. This paper develops an iterative physical acoustics (IPA) method, presenting simple and explicit formulations for scattering by penetrable objects immersed in fluids. The method combines Kirchhoff integral frameworks with thin-plate effective boundary conditions, discretizes mid-surfaces into triangular facets, and iteratively converges pressure fields to characterize the mechanisms of multiple reflections and transmissions. Validated against analytical solutions, numerical simulations, and scaled experiments, IPA provides comprehensive field predictions encompassing internal cavity fields, external near-fields, and far-field scattering patterns within a unified framework. It achieves significant computational efficiency gains while maintaining engineering practicality, successfully reproducing distant-range highlights from these mechanisms in time-domain spectra. Limitations are observed at low frequencies and high-curvature regions where elastic-wave effects become significant. The IPA framework enables engineering-efficient scattering analysis for complex thin-shell structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underwater Acoustic Field Modulation Technology)
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16 pages, 2715 KB  
Article
Posterior Probability-Based Symbol Detection Algorithm for CPM in Underwater Acoustic Channels
by Ruigang Han, Ning Jia, Yufei Liu, Jianchun Huang, Suna Qu and Shengming Guo
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(4), 800; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13040800 - 17 Apr 2025
Viewed by 584
Abstract
The underwater acoustic (UWA) communication system is characterized by limited bandwidth, while continuous phase modulation (CPM) offers a constant envelope, improving power and spectrum utilization efficiency. However, severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) poses a significant challenge in CPM-based UWA communication. Traditional CPM frequency domain [...] Read more.
The underwater acoustic (UWA) communication system is characterized by limited bandwidth, while continuous phase modulation (CPM) offers a constant envelope, improving power and spectrum utilization efficiency. However, severe inter-symbol interference (ISI) poses a significant challenge in CPM-based UWA communication. Traditional CPM frequency domain equalization (FDE) combined with simple phase detection neglects the inherent coding gain from CPM, leading to performance degradation. Although Viterbi detection provides high performance, its complexity makes it unsuitable for computationally constrained UWA systems. This paper proposes a symbol detection algorithm based on posterior probabilities combined with FDE (PS-FDE). PS-FDE improves CPM signal detection performance by effectively separating information, applying delay, and performing multiple rounds of information merging. Simulations using minimum shift keying (MSK) and Gaussian MSK signals demonstrate significant performance improvement in just a few iterations over UWA channels. A sea trial further validates the algorithm, showing a 15.83% reduction in bit error rate after three information mergings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underwater Acoustic Field Modulation Technology)
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25 pages, 9308 KB  
Article
A Multi-Spatial-Scale Ocean Sound Speed Profile Prediction Model Based on a Spatio-Temporal Attention Mechanism
by Shuwen Wang, Ziyin Wu, Shuaidong Jia, Dineng Zhao, Jihong Shang, Mingwei Wang, Jieqiong Zhou and Xiaoming Qin
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2025, 13(4), 722; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse13040722 - 3 Apr 2025
Viewed by 660
Abstract
Marine researchers rely heavily on ocean sound velocity, a crucial hydroacoustic environmental metric that exhibits large geographical and temporal changes. Nowadays, spatio-temporal series prediction algorithms are emerging, but their prediction accuracy requires improvement. Moreover, in terms of ocean sound speed, most of these [...] Read more.
Marine researchers rely heavily on ocean sound velocity, a crucial hydroacoustic environmental metric that exhibits large geographical and temporal changes. Nowadays, spatio-temporal series prediction algorithms are emerging, but their prediction accuracy requires improvement. Moreover, in terms of ocean sound speed, most of these models predict an ocean sound speed profile (SSP) at a single coordinate position, and only a few predict multi-spatial-scale SSPs. Hence, this paper proposes a new data-driven method called STA-Conv-LSTM that combines convolutional long short-term memory (Conv-LSTM) and spatio-temporal attention (STA) to predict SSPs. We used a 234-month dataset of monthly mean sound speeds in the eastern Pacific Ocean from January 2004 to June 2023 to train the prediction model. We found that using 24 months of SSPs as the inputs to predict the SSPs of the following month yielded the highest accuracy. The results demonstrate that STA-Conv-LSTM can achieve predictions with an accuracy of more than 95% for both single-point and three-dimensional scenarios. We compared it against recurrent neural network, LSTM, and Conv-LSTM models with optimal parameter settings to demonstrate the model’s superiority. With a fitting accuracy of 95.12% and the lowest root-mean-squared error of 0.8978, STA-Conv-LSTM clearly outperformed the competition with respect to prediction accuracy and stability. This model not only predicts SSPs well but also will improve the spatial and temporal forecasts of other marine environmental factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Underwater Acoustic Field Modulation Technology)
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