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Heart Disease Complicated by HIV Infection: Predictors, Diagnosis and Treatment Options

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Cardiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2024) | Viewed by 911

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Infectious Diseases Unit, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
Interests: HIV; AIDS; infectious diseases; HIV immunology; HIV prevention infection; HIV therapy; anti-HIV agents; inter-feron

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the last two decades, following the introduction of potent high-genetic barrier regimens in the aging population, HIV medicine has progressively focused on comorbidities and age-related health issues. People living with HIV (PLWH) are disproportionally affected by cardiovascular disease (both in terms of morbidity and mortality) which is not entirely explained by the traditional risk factors, such as age, gender, smoker status, diabetes, family history, hypertension, and weight.

Several studies have addressed the additional role of HIV-related immune activation and inflammation, but many questions remain open. HIV infection is considered an independent predictor of heart disease, meaning it should be managed accordingly, although real-life data report an insufficient level of medical attention and patient compliance.

Heart disease requires multilevel interventions, more aggressive investigations, higher clinician and patient awareness, along with treatment optimization. Antiretrovirals and the potential for drug-to-drug interactions may also complicate this scenario.

More studies are needed in this population to refine the risk prediction tools, identify subclinical diseases, provide recommendations, and standardize management.

The aim of this Special Issue is to focus on the peculiarity of cardiovascular disease in PLWH, addressing the clinical issue in terms of prediction tools, pathogenesis, and treatment options.

Dr. Diego Ripamonti
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cardiovascular disease
  • HIV infection
  • HAART
  • biomarkers
  • coronary artery diseases
  • inflammation
  • arterial stiffness

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

10 pages, 584 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction in HIV Patients Receiving Abacavir, Dolutegravir, and Lamivudine Therapy with Novel Tissue Doppler Imaging Techniques
by Dogac Oksen, Muzaffer Aslan, Ebru Serin, Muhammed Heja Gecit, Yunus Emre Yavuz, Esra Yerlikaya Zerdali and Veysel Oktay
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(5), 1534; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14051534 - 25 Feb 2025
Viewed by 388
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) effectively suppresses viral load and aids immunological recovery in HIV patients, but may still lead to subclinical myocardial dysfunction. This study assesses left and right ventricular functions in patients on HAART containing abacavir, dolutegravir, and lamivudine using [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) effectively suppresses viral load and aids immunological recovery in HIV patients, but may still lead to subclinical myocardial dysfunction. This study assesses left and right ventricular functions in patients on HAART containing abacavir, dolutegravir, and lamivudine using Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI). Methods: This observational cross-sectional study involved 118 HIV-positive adults on HAART and 80 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Comprehensive echocardiographic assessments, including TDI, were conducted to evaluate myocardial performance index (MPI) and isovolumic acceleration (IVA). Results: Conventional echocardiographic parameters showed no significant differences; however, TDI indicated significant impairments in ventricular functions in the HAART group, with increased MPI and decreased IVA (p < 0.001). Pulmonary artery pressures were also higher in the HIV group (p = 0.012). There was a strong positive correlation between MPI and HAART duration (r = 0.675, p = 0.002), and a negative correlation with CD4 count (r = −0.545, p = 0.006). Conclusions: TDI reveals significant subclinical ventricular dysfunction in HIV patients on HAART, correlating with therapy duration and immune status. These findings underscore the utility of TDI in detecting myocardial deterioration before clinical symptoms appear. Full article
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