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Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury
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Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Nephrology & Urology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 533

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Gianpaolo Reboldi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Nephrology, Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
Interests: clinical nephrology; hemodialysis; cardiovascular disease; blood pressure
Prof. Dr. Mario Bonomini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, G. D’Annunzio University, Chieti-Pescara, SS. Annunziata Hospital, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy
Interests: translational; clinical nephrology; hemodialysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a growing and challenging problem in several clinical settings given its heterogeneous nature, increasing incidence, and prognostic burden. Using the KDIGO definition, one in five adults and one in three children worldwide experience AKI during a hospital episode of care. AKI has a high disease burden, and it is currently estimated that the AKI-associated mortality rate can reach some 24% in hospitalized patients.

Several issues remain unsettled about ARF pathophysiology, staging, and prognosis. There is a lively debate on time-dependent critical issues, like early diagnosis, prevention, and the timing of renal replacement therapy. Additionally, growing evidence support newer imaging techniques for accurate AKI diagnosis and staging. Finally, the beneficial impact of specialist nephrology care on AKI prognosis and outcomes remains somewhat elusive due to the paucity of robust randomized clinical trials.

Therefore, as new evidence emerges, receiving contributions on the following topics is of particular interest:

  • Novel biomarkers and early diagnosis;
  • Imaging in patients with acute kidney failure;
  • Clinical setting and prognosis: the role of the nephrologist;
  • RRT: timing and outcomes.

Prof. Dr. Gianpaolo Reboldi
Prof. Dr. Mario Bonomini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • acute kidney injury
  • diagnosis
  • biomarkers
  • early detection
  • prognosis
  • renal replacement therapy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

10 pages, 199 KiB  
Article
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Single-Center Experience of Biopsy-Proven Cases
by Andreas Kommer, Marco Stortz, Daniel Kraus and Julia Weinmann-Menke
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(9), 3231; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14093231 - 6 May 2025
Viewed by 235
Abstract
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI) has greatly changed cancer therapy in recent years. The main side effects are immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that can affect any organ system. With the widespread use of ICIs, even rare irAEs, like acute kidney injury [...] Read more.
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI) has greatly changed cancer therapy in recent years. The main side effects are immune-related adverse events (irAEs) that can affect any organ system. With the widespread use of ICIs, even rare irAEs, like acute kidney injury due to ICI-induced nephritis (ICI-AKI), have become a more common complication. Methods: All ICI-treated patients who underwent a kidney biopsy for AKI at a single academic center between January 2020 and December 2023 were analyzed. Results: We identified twelve cases of biopsy-proven ICI-AKI. The median follow up was 11.5 months. All cases showed acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) on the biopsy. Melanoma was the most common cancer, and dual-checkpoint inhibition with Ipilimumab and Nivolumab was the most common regimen. Extrarenal irAEs were present in only 25% of cases. Two-thirds had concomitant medication with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Only four patients completely recovered their kidney function, and one patient remained on kidney replacement therapy. Conclusions: AIN is a common cause of AKI in ICI-treated cancer patients. Although they respond well to steroid treatment, full restitution of kidney function occurs in less than half of the subjects. As ICIs are increasingly used in cancer management, more research on the prevention and treatment of ICI-associated AKI is needed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury)
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