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Update on Acute Severe Respiratory Infections: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Respiratory Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 541

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Medical and Infectious Diseases ICU, APHP Bichat Hospital F, 75018 Paris, France
2. UMR 1137, IAME, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
Interests: severe infections; pneumonia; catheter related infections; sepsis; survival models; high quality databases; ARDS; nosocomial; multiresistant bacteria; outcome
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We sincerely invite you to contribute to this Special Issue, “Update on Acute Severe Respiratory Infections: 2nd Edition”. (The first edition is available at: Special Issue “Update on Acute Severe Respiratory Infections, https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm/special_issues/9042H9KMCN). This Special Issue combines original research and review papers, with a focus on recent advances in the field of respiratory infections.

Acute severe respiratory infections (ASRI) represent a critical challenge in clinical medicine, encompassing a spectrum of life-threatening conditions such as severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and exacerbations of chronic lung disease. These infections are often caused by viral (e.g., influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus), bacterial, or fungal pathogens and require rapid diagnosis, targeted therapy, and advanced supportive care to reduce their high morbidity and mortality. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques, immunomodulatory therapies, and lung-protective ventilation strategies have transformed the management of ASRI. However, emerging pathogens, antimicrobial resistance, and variable host immune responses continue to complicate treatment paradigms.

This Special Issue focuses on cutting-edge research and evidence-based updates in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and multidisciplinary management of ASRI, with the goal of optimizing treatment outcomes in both immunocompetent and vulnerable populations and of providing the latest information in this field for critical care physicians and other clinicians involved in the care of patients with pneumonia.

Prof. Dr. Jean-Francois Timsit
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • acute severe respiratory infection (ASRI)
  • acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
  • severe pneumonia
  • sepsis
  • ICU
  • viral respiratory infection
  • COVID-19
  • bacterial co-infection
  • diagnostic technology
  • treatment strategy
  • mechanical ventilation
  • extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
  • antibiotics
  • non-antibiotics
  • pulmonary rehabilitation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 628 KB  
Article
Clinical Outcomes Associated with Oral Versus Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy in Emergency Department–Discharged Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
by Mohammed Alrashed, Saleh Alyousef, Bader Alamri, Omar Yousef, Hisham AlJarallah, Abdulmajeed Alshehri, Omar A. Almohammed and Ahmed Aljabri
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(22), 8167; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14228167 - 18 Nov 2025
Viewed by 431
Abstract
Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a leading cause of emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and mortality worldwide. The choice between oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) antibiotic administration in the ED varies based on patient presentation and provider preference, yet the impact of this [...] Read more.
Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a leading cause of emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and mortality worldwide. The choice between oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) antibiotic administration in the ED varies based on patient presentation and provider preference, yet the impact of this choice on clinical outcomes, including revisit rates and ED length of stay (LOS), remains unclear. This study aimed to compare PO versus IV antibiotic therapy in CAP patients discharged from the ED in terms of baseline characteristics, treatment outcomes, and healthcare utilization. Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care ED at the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs in Saudi Arabia. Adult patients diagnosed treated with antibiotic for CAP and discharged from the ED between 2020–2024 were included. Patients were categorized into two groups based on antibiotic administration: POIV. The primary results were ED LOS and 30-day revisit rates. Secondary outcomes included time to first antibiotic administration, fluid administration patterns, and baseline risk factors. Data was extracted from the electronic health record and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: A total of 430 patients were included, with 162 (37.7%) receiving PO antibiotics and 268 (62.3%) receiving IV antibiotics. Baseline characteristics showed higher heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature in the IV group, suggesting more severe presentations. The mean ED LOS was similar between groups (oral: 6.5 ± 4.9 h vs. IV: 6.4 ± 4.5 h; p = 0.5559). However, the 30-day ED revisit rate was significantly lower in the IV group (23.1%) compared to oral group (34.0%) (p = 0.0146). IV fluids were administered more frequently in the IV group (60.4% vs. 22.2%). Conclusions: While both PO and IV antibiotic strategies resulted in similar ED LOS, IV antibiotic use was associated with a significantly lower 30-day revisit rate. These findings support the need for risk-based treatment decisions in the ED and highlight opportunities for antibiotic stewardship to improve patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Acute Severe Respiratory Infections: 2nd Edition)
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