Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
5.2
2.9
Journals
JCM
Special Issues
Update on Acute Severe Respiratory Infections: 2nd Edition
jcm-logo
Submit to Special Issue Submit Abstract to Special Issue Review for JCM Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

► Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser
share announcement

Update on Acute Severe Respiratory Infections: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Respiratory Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 July 2026 | Viewed by 2789

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Jean-Francois Timsit

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Medical and Infectious Diseases ICU, APHP Bichat Hospital F, 75018 Paris, France
2. UMR 1137, IAME, Université Paris Cité, 75018 Paris, France
Interests: severe infections; pneumonia; catheter related infections; sepsis; survival models; high quality databases; ARDS; nosocomial; multiresistant bacteria; outcome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We sincerely invite you to contribute to this Special Issue, “Update on Acute Severe Respiratory Infections: 2nd Edition”. (The first edition is available at: Special Issue “Update on Acute Severe Respiratory Infections”, https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm/special_issues/9042H9KMCN). This Special Issue combines original research and review papers, with a focus on recent advances in the field of respiratory infections.

Acute severe respiratory infections (ASRI) represent a critical challenge in clinical medicine, encompassing a spectrum of life-threatening conditions such as severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and exacerbations of chronic lung disease. These infections are often caused by viral (e.g., influenza virus, SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus), bacterial, or fungal pathogens and require rapid diagnosis, targeted therapy, and advanced supportive care to reduce their high morbidity and mortality. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques, immunomodulatory therapies, and lung-protective ventilation strategies have transformed the management of ASRI. However, emerging pathogens, antimicrobial resistance, and variable host immune responses continue to complicate treatment paradigms.

This Special Issue focuses on cutting-edge research and evidence-based updates in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and multidisciplinary management of ASRI, with the goal of optimizing treatment outcomes in both immunocompetent and vulnerable populations and of providing the latest information in this field for critical care physicians and other clinicians involved in the care of patients with pneumonia.

Prof. Dr. Jean-Francois Timsit
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • acute severe respiratory infection (ASRI)
  • acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
  • severe pneumonia
  • sepsis
  • ICU
  • viral respiratory infection
  • COVID-19
  • bacterial co-infection
  • diagnostic technology
  • treatment strategy
  • mechanical ventilation
  • extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
  • antibiotics
  • non-antibiotics
  • pulmonary rehabilitation

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

Download All Papers
Order results
Result details
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

16 pages, 763 KB  
Article
New Simplified White Blood Cells Score Improves Mortality Prediction in Severe COVID-19 Patients
by Kamil Paryż, Arkadiusz Lubas, Mateusz Gutowski, Bartosz Rustecki, Andrzej Michałowski and Jakub Klimkiewicz
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(7), 2590; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15072590 - 28 Mar 2026
Viewed by 481
Abstract
Background: An unfavorable course of SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to develop a simple, accessible, and reliable tool to anticipate the poor results among COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study involves 306 [...] Read more.
Background: An unfavorable course of SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to develop a simple, accessible, and reliable tool to anticipate the poor results among COVID-19 pneumonia patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study involves 306 individuals with severe COVID-19 pneumonia enrolled between March 2021 and June 2021. Each patient had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and required oxygen therapy. Differential blood count and serum CRP were taken on admission day. Medical data were collected from the hospital’s information system. Results: Of 306 patients (133 females, 173 males, aged 66.3 ± 15.2 years), 105 (34.3%) died. Counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils differed significantly between survivors and deceased (p < 0.001; p = 0.002; p = 0.009, respectively) and had substantially differentiating properties in ROC analysis. Built with the counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils, the White Blood Cell Score (WBCS) was developed. WBCS robustly predicted mortality (OR = 2.821; CI: 2.037–3.906; p < 0.001) in the investigated population. Cumulative risk of death according to WBCS (ranging from 0 to 3 points) was as follows: 0 points—10.9%, 1 point—23.5%, 2 points—33.1%, 3 points—34.1%. Conclusions: Based on differential blood count, the proposed WBCS is easy to use and can be helpful in predicting mortality among severe COVID-19 patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Acute Severe Respiratory Infections: 2nd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 225 KB  
Article
Associations Between Nasal Receptors and Olfactory Dysfunction and Dysgeusia in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
by Ana María Piqueras-Sánchez, José Francisco López-Gil, Diego Hellín-Meseguer, Juan Cabezas-Herrera, Ginés Francisco Blesa-Llaona, José Meseguer-Cabezas, Enrique Bernal-Morell, Alfredo Minguela-Puras and José Antonio Díaz-Manzano
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(4), 1659; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15041659 - 22 Feb 2026
Viewed by 510
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Olfactory dysfunction and dysgeusia are common neurosensory manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting approximately 60% of patients. These symptoms have been mechanistically linked to receptors involved in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cell entry, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Olfactory dysfunction and dysgeusia are common neurosensory manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting approximately 60% of patients. These symptoms have been mechanistically linked to receptors involved in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cell entry, including angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), furin, and neuropilin-1 (NRP1), which are highly expressed in the olfactory epithelium. Nevertheless, clinical evidence supporting a direct association between receptor expression and sensory impairment remains inconsistent. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study including 104 adults with polymerase chain reaction–confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first and second pandemic waves. Approximately 75 days after diagnosis, nasal and/or pharyngeal samples were obtained to quantify gene expression levels of ACE2, TMPRSS2, furin, and NRP1 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Olfactory dysfunction and dysgeusia were recorded as dichotomous variables. Logistic regression analyses were performed with adjustment for age, sex, and race, considering receptor expression as continuous variables and as tertiles. Missing data were addressed using multiple imputation methods. Results: Olfactory dysfunction was reported by 37.5% of participants, and dysgeusia by 36.5%. No statistically significant associations were observed between baseline expression levels of ACE2, TMPRSS2, furin, or NRP1 and the presence of olfactory dysfunction or dysgeusia in either adjusted continuous or categorical models. Although these associations did not reach statistical significance, higher ACE2 and furin expression showed a nonsignificant trend toward an increased probability of sensory alterations, whereas intermediate NRP1 levels were associated with lower disease severity. Conclusions: COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction and dysgeusia do not appear to be directly determined by isolated baseline expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors. These findings support a multifactorial and dynamic pathophysiological model involving temporal receptor regulation, inflammatory processes, and host-related factors, highlighting the need for longitudinal and interventional studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Acute Severe Respiratory Infections: 2nd Edition)
12 pages, 628 KB  
Article
Clinical Outcomes Associated with Oral Versus Intravenous Antibiotic Therapy in Emergency Department–Discharged Patients with Community-Acquired Pneumonia
by Mohammed Alrashed, Saleh Alyousef, Bader Alamri, Omar Yousef, Hisham AlJarallah, Abdulmajeed Alshehri, Omar A. Almohammed and Ahmed Aljabri
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(22), 8167; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14228167 - 18 Nov 2025
Viewed by 1440
Abstract
Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a leading cause of emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and mortality worldwide. The choice between oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) antibiotic administration in the ED varies based on patient presentation and provider preference, yet the impact of this [...] Read more.
Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a leading cause of emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, and mortality worldwide. The choice between oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) antibiotic administration in the ED varies based on patient presentation and provider preference, yet the impact of this choice on clinical outcomes, including revisit rates and ED length of stay (LOS), remains unclear. This study aimed to compare PO versus IV antibiotic therapy in CAP patients discharged from the ED in terms of baseline characteristics, treatment outcomes, and healthcare utilization. Method: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care ED at the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs in Saudi Arabia. Adult patients diagnosed treated with antibiotic for CAP and discharged from the ED between 2020–2024 were included. Patients were categorized into two groups based on antibiotic administration: POIV. The primary results were ED LOS and 30-day revisit rates. Secondary outcomes included time to first antibiotic administration, fluid administration patterns, and baseline risk factors. Data was extracted from the electronic health record and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: A total of 430 patients were included, with 162 (37.7%) receiving PO antibiotics and 268 (62.3%) receiving IV antibiotics. Baseline characteristics showed higher heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature in the IV group, suggesting more severe presentations. The mean ED LOS was similar between groups (oral: 6.5 ± 4.9 h vs. IV: 6.4 ± 4.5 h; p = 0.5559). However, the 30-day ED revisit rate was significantly lower in the IV group (23.1%) compared to oral group (34.0%) (p = 0.0146). IV fluids were administered more frequently in the IV group (60.4% vs. 22.2%). Conclusions: While both PO and IV antibiotic strategies resulted in similar ED LOS, IV antibiotic use was associated with a significantly lower 30-day revisit rate. These findings support the need for risk-based treatment decisions in the ED and highlight opportunities for antibiotic stewardship to improve patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Update on Acute Severe Respiratory Infections: 2nd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-3
Back to TopTop