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Advances in Pituitary Adenomas
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Advances in Pituitary Adenomas

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2025 | Viewed by 1918

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Brigita Glebauskienė

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, 44037 Kaunas, Lithuania
Interests: pituitary adenoma; visual functions; treatment; clinical aspects
Dr. Alvita Vilkevičiūtė

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Medical Academy, Eiveniu 2, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
Interests: pituitary adenoma; treatment; risk factors; biomarkers; molecular insights
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Rasa Liutkevičienė

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Neuroscience, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eivenių Str. 2, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
Interests: pituitary adenoma; clinical symptoms; visual functions; risk factors; biomarkers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pituitary adenoma (PA) is a tumour of which the growth can eventually press on nearby structures, spread to surrounding tissue and cause symptoms due to the metabolic consequences of excessive hormone secretion. Patients suffer from headaches, changes in vision or endocrine disorders such as infertility, reduced libido and galactorrhoea. Surgical intervention, especially in the form of transsphenoidal surgery, is the preferred initial treatment for PAs. However, it should be noted that despite surgical resection as the primary treatment, recurrence can occur in up to one third of the cases, affecting both non-functional and functional adenomas. The exact cause of PA is unknown, and its pathogenesis is considered multifactorial, including changes at the molecular level leading to different clinical manifestations of PA.

The aim of this Special Issue is to thoroughly investigate the underlying mechanisms and clinical characteristics of PA onset and progression, offering deliberations regarding the complexities surrounding its diagnosis, management and treatment.

By shedding light on the pathogenic complexities, this Special Issue endeavours to promote discussions aimed at pinpointing knowledge gaps in PA tumorigenesis requiring additional research at different clinicopathological levels.

Dr. Brigita Glebauskienė
Dr. Alvita Vilkevičiūtė
Prof. Dr. Rasa Liutkevičienė
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pituitary adenoma
  • biomarkers
  • visual functions
  • recurrence
  • invasiveness
  • diagnosis and treatment
  • clinical insights
  • development

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

24 pages, 5413 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Ionic Mechanisms in Pituitary Cells: Implications for Electrophysiological and Electropharmacological Research
by Sheng-Nan Wu, Ya-Jean Wang, Zi-Han Gao, Rasa Liutkevičienė and Vita Rovite
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(9), 3117; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14093117 - 30 Apr 2025
Viewed by 464
Abstract
Pituitary cells are specialized cells located within the pituitary gland, a small, pea-sized gland situated at the base of the brain. Through the use of cellular electrophysiological techniques, the electrical properties of these cells have been revealed. This review paper aims to introduce [...] Read more.
Pituitary cells are specialized cells located within the pituitary gland, a small, pea-sized gland situated at the base of the brain. Through the use of cellular electrophysiological techniques, the electrical properties of these cells have been revealed. This review paper aims to introduce the ion currents that are known to be functionally expressed in pituitary cells. These currents include a voltage-gated Na+ current (INa), erg-mediated K+ current (IK(erg)), M-type K+ current (IK(M)), hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih), and large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channel. The biophysical characteristics of the respective ion current were described. Additionally, we also provide explanations for the effect of various drugs or compounds on each of these currents. GH3-cell exposure to GV-58 can increase the magnitude of INa with a concurrent rise in the inactivation time constant of the current. The presence of esaxerenone, an antagonist of the aldosterone receptor, directly suppresses the magnitude of peak and late INa. Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic agent, is effective at suppressing the IK(erg) amplitude directly, and di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate suppressed IK(erg). Solifenacin and kynurenic acid can interact with the KM channel to stimulate IK(M), while carisbamate and cannabidiol inhibit the Ih amplitude activated by sustained hyperpolarization. Moreover, the presence of either rufinamide or QO-40 can enhance the activity of single BKCa channels. To summarize, alterations in ion currents within native pituitary cells or pituitary tumor cells can influence their functional activity, particularly in processes like stimulus–secretion coupling. The effects of small-molecule modulators, as demonstrated here, bear significance in clinical, therapeutic, and toxicological contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pituitary Adenomas)
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13 pages, 813 KiB  
Review
A Narrative Review of Surgery for Prolactinomas: Considerations and Controversies
by Jennifer A. Mann, Yves Starreveld, Jay Riva-Cambrin and Kirstie Lithgow
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(4), 1089; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14041089 - 8 Feb 2025
Viewed by 941
Abstract
For several decades, dopamine agonist therapy has been the mainstay of treatment for prolactinomas, with surgery generally considered a second line for cases failing medical therapy due to intolerance or resistance. There is increasing recognition of the burden of long-term DA therapy; many [...] Read more.
For several decades, dopamine agonist therapy has been the mainstay of treatment for prolactinomas, with surgery generally considered a second line for cases failing medical therapy due to intolerance or resistance. There is increasing recognition of the burden of long-term DA therapy; many patients experience debilitating side effects, and emerging evidence demonstrates that the prevalence of impulse control disorders has been vastly underreported. Long-term DA therapy is associated with significant costs to patients and healthcare systems, which is projected to exceed that of surgery in many circumstances. Recent advancements in surgical approaches, including endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery, have led to improved surgical outcomes (82–100% remission rates; serious complication rates < 2%), prompting a reappraisal of the role of surgery for prolactinoma. Favourable surgical outcomes have been observed in both remission and complication rates for microprolactinomas and well-circumscribed macroprolactinomas, leading to consideration of surgery as an earlier, or first-line, option in the treatment paradigm. Potential advantages of surgical management should be weighed against institutional case volume and expertise, the risk of perioperative complications, and the need for adjuvant medical therapy post-operatively. Ultimately, patients and care-providers should engage in shared decision-making following informed discussion about the risks and benefits of both medical and surgical approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Pituitary Adenomas)
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