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New Insights into Respiratory Diseases Caused by Substance Abuse
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New Insights into Respiratory Diseases Caused by Substance Abuse

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Pulmonology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 September 2024) | Viewed by 1618

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Angela De Palma

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: thoracic surgery; minimally invasive and robotic thoracic surgery; lung cancer; mediastinal tumors; pleural diseases; chest wall diseases; pediatric bronchoscopy; lung metastases; rare chest tumors
Dr. Silvano Dragonieri

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
Interests: obstructive lung diseases; airway obstruction; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); obstructive sleep apnea; pulmonary medicine; respiration disorders; spirometry; allergic asthma; asthma; allergic diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tobacco smoking, cannabis smoking, and drugs abuse are, nowadays, very common among young people. In the last few years, researchers have studied and pointed out the deleterious effects of tobacco and cannabis consumption on the respiratory system. The action of tobacco and/or cannabis on the airways may lead to hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, tissue destruction, and lung emphysema. Consequently, tobacco and/or cannabis abuse can cause upper and lower airways diseases, with acute and chronic manifestations and, among the latter, lung cancer represents a possible evolution. Pathogenesis studies investigating the detrimental effects of marijuana on the cells of the respiratory system are in progress. Campaigns for smoking prevention and for cessation of such voluptuary habits have an important role in limiting the spread of respiratory diseases caused by this abuse and an ethical and sociological relevance for young populations. In this Special Issue, we welcome authors to submit papers on recent and new insights into respiratory diseases caused by drugs or tobacco.

Dr. Angela De Palma
Dr. Silvano Dragonieri
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • drugs
  • cannabis
  • smoking
  • respiratory diseases
  • prevention
  • treatment

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 1835 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Opioids and Benzodiazepines on Exacerbation Rate and Overall Survival in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Long-Term Non-Invasive Ventilation
by Andrew Chai, Balazs Csoma, Zsofia Lazar, Andrew Bentley and Andras Bikov
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(18), 5624; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13185624 - 22 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1170
Abstract
Background: There is a growing concern that opioids and benzodiazepines can depress the respiratory drive and could contribute to worsening respiratory failure and higher exacerbation frequency in COPD. However, the relationship between the exacerbation rate and medication taken is poorly understood in [...] Read more.
Background: There is a growing concern that opioids and benzodiazepines can depress the respiratory drive and could contribute to worsening respiratory failure and higher exacerbation frequency in COPD. However, the relationship between the exacerbation rate and medication taken is poorly understood in patients with chronic respiratory failure due to COPD. Methods: As part of a service evaluation project, we analysed 339 patients with COPD who were established on long-term non-invasive ventilation (LT-NIV) at our tertiary centre. We investigated the relationship between benzodiazepine and opioid prescription and clinical outcomes as well as their impact on the exacerbation rate and overall survival following setup. Results: Before LT-NIV setup, 40 patients took benzodiazepines and 99 patients took opioids. Neither benzodiazepine nor opioid use was associated with changes in daytime blood gases, overnight hypoxia or annual exacerbations before NIV setup, but patients taking opioids were more breathless as assessed by modified Medical Research Council scores (3.91 ± 0.38 vs. 3.65 ± 0.73, p < 0.01). Long-term NIV significantly reduced the number of yearly exacerbations (from 3.0/2.0–5.0/ to 2.8/0.71–4.57/, p < 0.01) in the whole cohort, but the effect was limited in those who took benzodiazepines (from 3.0/2.0–7.0/ to 3.5/1.2–5.5/) or opioids (3.0/2.0–6.0/ to 3.0/0.8–5.5/). Benzodiazepine use was associated with reduced exacerbation-free survival and overall survival (both p < 0.05). However, after adjustment with relevant covariates, the relationship with exacerbation-free survival became insignificant (p = 0.12). Opioids were not associated with adverse outcomes. Conclusions: Benzodiazepines and opiates are commonly taken in this cohort. Whilst they do not seem to contribute to impaired gas exchange pre-setup, they, especially benzodiazepines, may limit the benefits of LT-NIV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insights into Respiratory Diseases Caused by Substance Abuse)
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