Prevention and Treatment of Skin Pigmentation Disorders
A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Dermatology".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 26723
Special Issue Editor
Interests: laser in dermatology; aesthetic treatment; hidradinitis supporativa; cutaneous vascular lesions and infantile hemangioma; genodermatosis
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Pigmentation disorders are commonly encountered in dermatology practice. They are classified in hypo- or hyperpigmentation, which can occur as a genetic or acquired disease. Hyperpigmentation could be a result of excess melanin production, distribution, or transport. Common etiologies include postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, solar lentigines, ephelides, and café au lait macules. Generalized hyperpigmentation rarely reflects a primary genetic disorder but is most often from acquired diseases such as Addison disease, secondary hemochromatosis, or primary biliary cirrhosis. Although they are often benign and clinically diagnosed based on appearance and location, it may be necessary to perform a skin biopsy to determine a definite diagnosis or to exclude melanoma. Usually, these disorders have cosmetic or psychological concerns to the patient, necessitating further evaluation and treatment. Depending on their severity and underlying condition, hyperpigmentation could be treated with topical or oral agents, chemical peels, cryotherapy, light, or laser therapy.
Hypopigmentation disorders can result from abnormalities in the migration of melanocytes during embryogenesis. In addition, the impairment of melanosome transfer to the surrounding keratinocytes, an alteration in melanin synthesis and defective degradation or removal of melanin may lead to abnormal skin pigmentation. The destructions of melanocytes mediated by immunologic or toxic factors can end in pigmentation disorders. These disorders include congenital hypopigmentation, which can be restricted to the skin as in piebaldism, or they represent a systemic disease, such as Menkes disease or phenylketonuria. In addition to common hyperpigmentation disorders, other disorders include post-inflammatory hypopigmentation, vitiligo, pityriasis alba, and tinea versicolor. Part of the hypopigmentation disorders may improve or resolve with treatment of the underlying condition. The treatment of pigmentation disorders are based on a diagnosis that sometimes allow for a specific intervention. Cosmetically acceptable results are difficult to obtain.
Dr. Ziad Khamaysi
Guest Editor
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Keywords
- hyperpigmentation
- hypopigmentation
- melasma
- vitiligo
- albinism
- post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation
- post-inflammatory hypopigmentation
- café-au-lait spots
- lentigines
- laser and light-based devices
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