Selected Papers from the 15th Workshop of the European Cyclotron Network (CYCLEUR 2023)

A special issue of Instruments (ISSN 2410-390X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 6087

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
Interests: medical applications of particle physics; particle accelerators; particle detectors; radiation protection; radioisotopes for theragnostics
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Guest Editor
ICNAS—Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: medical cyclotrons; positron emission tomography (PET); radioisotope production
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Radiopharmaceutical Research Centre, Reactorului Street 30, 077125 Magurele Ilfov, Romania
Interests: radiopharmaceuticals; drug development; medical radioisotopes; radioisotope production; radiopharmaceutical manufacturing; theragnostics; positron emission tomography; internal radiotherapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 15th Workshop of the European Cyclotron Network (CYCLEUR) will take place in Bucharest (Romania) on 22–23 June 2023. After the last edition before the COVID-19 pandemic in Dresden (2019), this event will reassemble again major experts in the field of cyclotrons, radioisotope production, targets, and target chemistry. In recent years, significant advances have been made in these fields and novel instruments and methodologies have been developed with direct implications for science and society. In particular, the production of radioisotopes for both medical diagnostics and therapy—so-called “theragnostics”— received a boost that is producing a breakthrough in nuclear medicine. This Special Issue is intended to collect original scientific contributions on the latest developments on cyclotrons and related topics, and in particular, on their applications in medicine and multi-disciplinary research.

Prof. Dr. Saverio Braccini
Prof. Dr. Francisco Alves
Dr. Dana Niculae
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • cyclotrons
  • ion sources
  • beam monitoring
  • particle detectors
  • radioisotope production
  • targets
  • target chemistry
  • theragnostics

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 3071 KiB  
Article
Improved Production of Novel Radioisotopes with Custom Energy Cyclone® Kiube
by Sergio J. C. do Carmo, Ângela C. B. Neves, Eric Kral, Jean-Michel Geets, Benoit Nactergal, Antero J. Abrunhosa and Francisco Alves
Instruments 2024, 8(3), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments8030038 - 17 Jul 2024
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Abstract
The implementation of the Variable Energy (VE) feature in the previously fixed-energy IBA Cyclone® Kiube cyclotron is presented as an upgrade enabling the production of novel radioisotopes with improved radionuclidic purity and production yields. The possibility of easily decreasing the energy of [...] Read more.
The implementation of the Variable Energy (VE) feature in the previously fixed-energy IBA Cyclone® Kiube cyclotron is presented as an upgrade enabling the production of novel radioisotopes with improved radionuclidic purity and production yields. The possibility of easily decreasing the energy of the extracted proton beam, from 18 down to 13 MeV, allows us to avoid the use of degraders and/or thick target windows, thus preventing related beam current limitations. The immediate application of the Variable Energy feature is proven by presenting the improved results obtained for the production of 68Ga from the irradiation of liquid targets simultaneously in terms of radionuclidic purity and activity produced. Full article
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15 pages, 757 KiB  
Article
A Concept for a Multipurpose Time-of-Flight Neutron Reflectometer at Compact Neutron Sources
by Raul-Victor Erhan, Victor-Otto de Haan, Christoph Frommen, Kenneth Dahl Knudsen, Isabel Llamas-Jansa and Bjørn Christian Hauback
Instruments 2024, 8(2), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments8020030 - 24 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1104
Abstract
The design of a time-of-flight neutron reflectometer proposed for the new generation of compact neutron sources is presented. The reflectometer offers the possibility to use spin-polarized neutrons. The reflectometer design presented here takes advantage of a cold neutron source and uses neutrons with [...] Read more.
The design of a time-of-flight neutron reflectometer proposed for the new generation of compact neutron sources is presented. The reflectometer offers the possibility to use spin-polarized neutrons. The reflectometer design presented here takes advantage of a cold neutron source and uses neutrons with wavelengths in the range of 2–15 Å for the unpolarized mode. In general, due to tight spatial restrictions and the need to avoid moving parts inside the beam channel, a multi-channel collimator guide and reflective neutron guide are used for the first section of the instrument. This enables definition of the desired wavelength band and easy selection of one out of three different Q-resolutions. A low background for the collimator system and the reflectometer is ensured by employing a tangential beam channel and an in-channel sapphire filter. The second section is the time-of-flight (TOF) system, which uses a double-disk neutron chopper followed by polarization elements, the sample environment and the neutron detector system. Monte Carlo simulations and neutron beamline intensity measurements are presented. The design considerations are adoptable for neutron sources where space is limited and sections of the instrument are in a high-radiation environment. Full article
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9 pages, 2469 KiB  
Article
Production and Processing of the Radionuclide 76Br
by Karsten Franke, Jann Schöngart and Alexander Mansel
Instruments 2024, 8(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments8010022 - 13 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1436
Abstract
Four-dimensional visualization, i.e., three-dimensional space plus time, of fluid flow and its interactions in geological materials using positron emission tomography (PET) requires suitable radiotracers that exhibit the desired physicochemical interactions. 76Br is a likely candidate as a conservative tracer in these studies. [...] Read more.
Four-dimensional visualization, i.e., three-dimensional space plus time, of fluid flow and its interactions in geological materials using positron emission tomography (PET) requires suitable radiotracers that exhibit the desired physicochemical interactions. 76Br is a likely candidate as a conservative tracer in these studies. [76Se]CoSe was produced and used as the target material for the production of 76Br via the (p,n) reaction at a Cyclone 18/9 cyclotron. 76Br was separated from the target by thermochromatographic distillation using a semi-automated system, combining a quartz glass apparatus with a synthesis module. 76Br was successfully produced at the cyclotron with a physical yield of 72 MBq/µAh (EOB). The total radiochemical yield of 76Br from the irradiated [76Se]CoSe target (EOS) was 68.6%. A total of 40 MBq–100 MBq n.c.a. 76Br were routinely prepared for PET experiments in 3 mL 20 mM Cl solution. The spatial resolution of a PET scan with 76Br in geological materials was determined to be about 5 mm. The established procedure enables the routine investigation of hydrodynamics by PET techniques in geological materials that strongly sorb commonly used PET tracers such as 18F. Full article
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Review

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16 pages, 2394 KiB  
Review
Production of Medical Radionuclides in the Center for Radiopharmaceutical Tumor Research—A Status Report
by Martin Kreller, Santiago Andrés Brühlmann, Torsten Knieß, Klaus Kopka and Martin Walther
Instruments 2024, 8(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments8010010 - 7 Feb 2024
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Abstract
A new Center for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research was established at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf in 2017 to centralize radionuclide and radiopharmaceutical production, as well as enable chemical and biochemical research. Routine production of several radionuclides was put into operation in recent years. We report [...] Read more.
A new Center for Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research was established at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf in 2017 to centralize radionuclide and radiopharmaceutical production, as well as enable chemical and biochemical research. Routine production of several radionuclides was put into operation in recent years. We report on the production methods of radiopharmaceutical radionuclides, in particular 11C, 18F, and radio metals like 61Cu, 64Cu, 67Cu, 67Ga, 131Ba, and 133La that are used regularly. In the discussion, we report typical irradiation parameters and achieved saturation yields. Full article
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