Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Industrial and Supply Chain Systems

A special issue of Information (ISSN 2078-2489). This special issue belongs to the section "Artificial Intelligence".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2026 | Viewed by 4251

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung 413310, Taiwan
Interests: aircraft maintenance; virtual reality in training; Industry 4.0; explainable AI (XAI); decision analytics; education and engineering management
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into industrial and supply chain systems has significantly enhanced operational efficiency, forecasting accuracy, and decision-making processes. However, the practical deployment of AI in these high-stakes environments remains constrained by the interpretability gap—the challenge of understanding how complex models arrive at their conclusions. Explainable AI (XAI) has thus emerged as an essential enabler of trust, transparency and actionable insight.

This Special Issue, “Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Industrial and Supply Chain Systems,” aims to gather cutting-edge research that bridges the gap between AI performance and interpretability in real-world industrial and logistics settings. We seek contributions that develop or apply XAI methods to enhance model transparency, support human–AI collaboration, and facilitate regulatory compliance—ultimately leading to more reliable and effective intelligent systems.

Topics of interest include but are not limited to the following:

  • Interpretable machine learning models for industrial fault diagnosis and predictive maintenance.
  • Explainable AI applications in demand forecasting and inventory optimization.
  • Model-agnostic and post hoc explanation techniques for supply chain decision support.
  • Human-in-the-loop XAI systems for logistics and production planning.
  • Transparent reinforcement learning for autonomous industrial control.
  • XAI in quality inspection and computer vision-based industrial systems.
  • Causal inference and explainability in supply chain risk management.
  • Evaluations of user trust and acceptance of explainable systems in industrial environments.
  • XAI for sustainable and green supply chain operations.

We welcome the submission of theoretical, empirical, and applied research from both academic and industrial researchers. Submissions should clearly demonstrate how the proposed explainable methods enhance understanding, trust, or operational performance within industrial or supply chain contexts. Interdisciplinary contributions that integrate perspectives from computer science, engineering, and operations management are especially encouraged.

Dr. Yu-Cheng Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • explainable AI (XAI)
  • industrial artificial intelligence
  • supply chain analytics
  • predictive maintenance
  • demand forecasting
  • human–AI collaboration
  • sustainable supply chains
  • decision-making

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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23 pages, 2482 KB  
Article
A Quantitative Explainability Quality Index Framework for Visual XAI in Fuzzy Group Decision-Making for Supply Chain Facility Localization
by Yu-Cheng Wang
Information 2026, 17(6), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/info17060519 - 23 May 2026
Viewed by 102
Abstract
Visual explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is an important mechanism for connecting analytically complex decision models with practitioners who must interpret and act upon their outputs in industrial supply chains. In facility localization problems, wafer foundries and other capital-intensive manufacturers must evaluate geographically dispersed [...] Read more.
Visual explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is an important mechanism for connecting analytically complex decision models with practitioners who must interpret and act upon their outputs in industrial supply chains. In facility localization problems, wafer foundries and other capital-intensive manufacturers must evaluate geographically dispersed candidate sites against multiple uncertain criteria. The ability to communicate fuzzy group decision-making (FGDM) outcomes in a transparent, interpretable form has direct operational relevance. The literature has introduced hanging gradient bar charts, gradient bidirectional scatterplots, and traceable aggregation charts as visual XAI instruments for semiconductor supply chain localization that show substantial reductions in interpretation error versus conventional plots. However, the quantitative assessment of explanation quality itself remains underdeveloped. To address such a gap, this research proposes a quantitative explainability quality index (XQI) that formalizes visual explanation quality in FGDM as a composite measurable construct. XQI integrates two complementary layers: (1) An objective explainability layer (OEI), consisting of normalized fuzzy interpretation deviation, response time, ranking fidelity, and interpretation accuracy, and (2) a subjective explainability layer (SEI), consisting of perceived understanding, perceived transparency, decision confidence, and cognitive load. Trust, acceptance, and decision quality are downstream outcome constructs rather than components of the index. A weighted linear combination of OEI and SEI produces a single index for systematic, reproducible comparison across competing visualization designs. A structural equation model is specified as a planned validation mechanism for examining how explanation quality may relate to trust, acceptance, and downstream decision quality. The proposed validation framework includes a semiconductor facility localization scenario, three visualization conditions, and a planned participant pool of 150–240 supply chain managers, engineers, and graduate students. The XQI framework transforms visual XAI from a descriptive communication aid into a testable decision-support construct, thereby addressing a key evaluation gap in the FGDM visualization literature. Full article
31 pages, 1861 KB  
Article
Blockchain-Enabled FAHP-Based Platform for Third-Party Logistics Evaluation and Selection in Cold Vaccine Supply Chains
by Ali Barenji and Zhi Li
Information 2026, 17(3), 272; https://doi.org/10.3390/info17030272 - 9 Mar 2026
Viewed by 701
Abstract
Cold vaccine delivery is often known as a high-cost logistic process, which forces many pharmaceutical manufacturers, particularly small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), to subcontract logistics operations of vaccines to third-party logistics (3PL). It is clear that maintaining the traceability and trackability of vaccines [...] Read more.
Cold vaccine delivery is often known as a high-cost logistic process, which forces many pharmaceutical manufacturers, particularly small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), to subcontract logistics operations of vaccines to third-party logistics (3PL). It is clear that maintaining the traceability and trackability of vaccines in this dynamic collaborative environment is fundamental for guaranteeing the safety of product. However, the lack of a unified vaccine logistics platform holds back comprehensive supervision and traceability, posing significant challenges to the development of useful cold chain logistics systems. To address these challenges, in this study we propose a blockchain-enabled platform for the evaluation and selection of 3PL providers in vaccine supply chains. We leveraged consortium blockchain technology to guarantee data integrity, transparency, and decentralization, facilitating trust among four main players of vaccine supply chain. We utilized smart contracts as a main part of this platform, which are responsible for automating key operational processes, including 3PL evaluation, contract execution, and monitoring. In this respect, the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) engine is integrated into the proposed platform to enable a data-driven, multi-criteria decision-making framework for selecting the most suitable 3PL providers. We evaluated the proposed platform through case study and gas consumption analysis; the results of the case study validate high operational accuracy (93.21%), precision (90.23%), recall (94.50%), and an F1-score of 92.32% for the platform, which offers a robust solution to enhance accountability, reliability, and decision-making in vaccine distribution networks. Full article
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29 pages, 4335 KB  
Systematic Review
Data Management in Smart Manufacturing Supply Chains: A Systematic Review of Practices and Applications (2020–2025)
by Nouhaila Smina, Youssef Gahi and Jihane Gharib
Information 2026, 17(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/info17010019 - 27 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2786
Abstract
Smart supply chains, enabled by Industry 4.0 technologies, are increasingly recognized as key drivers of competitiveness, leveraging data across the value chain to enhance visibility, responsiveness, and resilience, while supporting better planning, optimized resource utilization, and agile customer service. Effective data management has [...] Read more.
Smart supply chains, enabled by Industry 4.0 technologies, are increasingly recognized as key drivers of competitiveness, leveraging data across the value chain to enhance visibility, responsiveness, and resilience, while supporting better planning, optimized resource utilization, and agile customer service. Effective data management has thus become a strategic capability, fostering operational performance, innovation, and long-term value creation. However, existing research and practice remain fragmented, often focusing on isolated functions such as production, logistics, or quality, the most data-intensive and critical domains in smart manufacturing, without comprehensively addressing data acquisition, storage, integration, analysis, and visualization across all supply chain phases. This article addresses these gaps through a systematic literature review of 55 peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025, conducted following PRISMA guidelines using Scopus and Web of Science. Contributions are categorized into reviews, frameworks/models, and empirical studies, and the analysis examines how data is collected, integrated, and leveraged across the entire supply chain. By adopting a holistic perspective, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of data management in smart manufacturing supply chains, highlights current practices and persistent challenges, and identifies key avenues for future research. Full article
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