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Advances in Tau Protein Research

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 June 2026 | Viewed by 1842

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Functional Genomics Screening Laboratory, Milner Therapeutics Institute, Cambridge, UK
Interests: tau biology; disease model systems; protein aggregation; tauopathies; neurodegeneration; Alzheimer’s disase; seeded aggregation; amyloid filaments; tau propagation; antibodies; targeted protein degradation; tau therapeutics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, with the number of patients suffering from this incurable condition currently being estimated at over 57 million worldwide. Despite Alois Alzheimer describing the neurofibrillary tangles over 100 years ago, it was only in the late 1980s that they were shown to be composed of amyloid filaments assembled by hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Interestingly, tau filament assemblies with different ultrastructural characteristics represent a key hallmark in various neurodegenerative conditions, collectively called tauopathies. About a decade later, the first mutations in the MAPT gene that encodes the tau protein in humans were reported to cause frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism. Their discovery was a major milestone, as the disease-causing mutations together with the presence of filamentous tau inclusions suggest that the assembly of tau into filaments is sufficient to cause neurodegeneration. Notably, the emergence of the current hypotheses on the trans-cellular propagation of pathological tau species as a major determinant of disease progression stems from observations of the sequential deposition of aggregated tau species during disease progression as well as from experiments supporting the prion-like nature of such assemblies.

This Special Issue aims to advance our understanding of the physiological and pathological mechanisms around tau protein, including, among others, the interactions with cellular factors, the emerging therapeutic strategies, the molecular mechanisms of templated seeded aggregation, and the toxic functions of protein aggregates. Studies providing such information are welcomed and will help elucidate the molecular basis for the design of new treatments as well as the deeper understanding of protein aggregation pathologies.

Dr. Taxiarchis Katsinelos
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • tau biology
  • disease model systems
  • protein aggregation
  • tauopathies
  • neurodegeneration
  • Alzheimer’s disase
  • seeded aggregation
  • amyloid filaments
  • tau propagation
  • antibodies
  • targeted protein degradation
  • tau therapeutics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 3034 KB  
Article
Regulation of Tau Alternative Splicing: A Novel Role for the Ribonucleoprotein RBM20
by Andrea Corsi, Angela Valentino, Maria Giusy Bruno, Giacomo Menichetti, Francesca Belpinati, Marta P. Pereira, Maria Teresa Valenti, Alessandra Ruggiero, Elisabetta Trabetti, Cristina Bombieri and Maria Grazia Romanelli
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(9), 4001; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27094001 - 29 Apr 2026
Viewed by 392
Abstract
Tau is a protein associated with microtubules principally expressed in neuronal cells, where it plays a fundamental role in cytoskeleton stabilization and axonal transport. Several diseases collectively named tauopathies, such as Alzheimer’s disease, have been associated with an imbalance in the expression of [...] Read more.
Tau is a protein associated with microtubules principally expressed in neuronal cells, where it plays a fundamental role in cytoskeleton stabilization and axonal transport. Several diseases collectively named tauopathies, such as Alzheimer’s disease, have been associated with an imbalance in the expression of alternative spliced Tau transcripts and the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau, causing dysfunction and death of neuronal cells. Therefore, understanding the Tau exon splicing mechanisms may contribute to elucidating molecular factors that could underlie the development of neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this study was to define the role of selected splicing factors in regulating Tau exon expression in cell lines and neuronal organoids. We demonstrated the role of the RNA-binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) splicing factor in regulating Tau exon 6 and exon 10, applying RNA-binding assay and qPCR analyses. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Tau expression was regulated during cerebral organoid differentiation, recapitulating in vivo Tau expression. These results suggest the feasibility of using brain organoid technology to study Tau alternative splicing during neural development, confirming that 3D cellular models could be used to study and characterize pathological processes taking place in Tau-related pathologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Tau Protein Research)
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13 pages, 1314 KB  
Article
Mutant Tau (P301L) Enhances Global Protein Translation in Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells by Upregulating mTOR Signalling
by Giovanni Luca Cipriano, Alessia Floramo, Veronica Argento, Salvatore Oddo and Osvaldo Artimagnella
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 455; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010455 - 1 Jan 2026
Viewed by 963
Abstract
Altered protein synthesis plays a key role in ageing and multiple neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies, the intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau disrupts several cellular processes, including mRNA translation. Although Tau interacts with ribosomal proteins and modulates translational selectivity, its [...] Read more.
Altered protein synthesis plays a key role in ageing and multiple neurodegenerative diseases. In Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies, the intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau disrupts several cellular processes, including mRNA translation. Although Tau interacts with ribosomal proteins and modulates translational selectivity, its effects on global protein synthesis remain poorly understood. Studies report reduced translation in later disease stages but increased translation early in pathology. To clarify Tau’s impact in human neurons, we used SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing the P301L mutant form of Tau and quantified global protein synthesis using the SUnSET (Surface Sensing of Translation) puromycin-incorporation assay. We found that Tau-P301L expression greatly increased global translation by upregulating mTOR/S6 pathway. These effects were abolished by rapamycin treatment, indicating that Tau-driven translational upregulation is mTOR-dependent. Given that impaired translational control can disrupt synaptic plasticity and memory, Tau-induced alterations in protein synthesis may contribute to tauopathy progression and identify mTOR signalling as a potential therapeutic target. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Tau Protein Research)
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