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Microcirculation in Inflammation

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2019) | Viewed by 19817

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microcirculation plays important roles in normal physiology and in a multitude of pathological conditions. Microvascular leukocyte endothelial interactions and specific changes in blood flow are a hallmark of the innate immune response in inflammation. However, it requires sophisticated methods to study the microcirculation experimentally and it is challenging to obtain relevant data in humans. This Special Issue will review classical and modern microcirculatory methodology and present novel experimental and clinical results regarding changes within the microvasculature during local and systemic inflammatory processes. The understanding of those mechanisms will open new avenues for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.

Prof. Dr. Christian Lehmann
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • microcirculation
  • intravital microscopy
  • inflammation
  • animal models
  • clinical microcirculation monitoring

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1366 KiB  
Article
Characterizing Vascular Dysfunction in Genetically Modified Mice through the Hyperoxia Model
by Luis Monteiro Rodrigues, Henrique Nazaré Silva, Hugo Ferreira and Alain-Pierre Gadeau
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(9), 2178; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20092178 - 02 May 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2434
Abstract
Modelling is essential for a better understanding of microcirculatory pathophysiology. In this study we tested our hyperoxia-mouse model with healthy and non-healthy mice. Animals (n = 41) were divided in groups—a control group, with 8 C57/BL6 non-transgenic male mice, a diabetic group [...] Read more.
Modelling is essential for a better understanding of microcirculatory pathophysiology. In this study we tested our hyperoxia-mouse model with healthy and non-healthy mice. Animals (n = 41) were divided in groups—a control group, with 8 C57/BL6 non-transgenic male mice, a diabetic group (DB), with 8 C57BLKsJ-db/db obese diabetic mice and the corresponding internal controls of 8 age-matched C57BLKsJ-db/+ mice, and a cardiac hypertrophy group (CH), with 9 FVB/NJ cα-MHC-NHE-1 transgenic mice prone to develop cardiac failure and 8 age-matched internal controls. After anesthesia, perfusion data was collected by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) during rest (Phase 1), hyperoxia (Phase 2), and recovery (Phase 3) and compared. The LDF wavelet transform components analysis (WA) has shown that cardiorespiratory, myogenic, and endothelial components acted as main markers. In DB group, db/+ animals behave as the Control group, but WA already demonstrated significant differences for myogenic and endothelial components. Noteworthy was the increase of the sympathetic components in the db/db set, as in the cardiac overexpressing NHE1 transgenic animals, reported as a main component of these pathophysiological processes. Our model confirms that flow motion has a universal nature. The LDF component’s WA provides a deeper look into vascular pathophysiology reinforcing the model’s reproducibility, robustness, and discriminative capacities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microcirculation in Inflammation)
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Review

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10 pages, 770 KiB  
Review
Inflammation and Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases
by Elisabetta Zanatta, Claudia Colombo, Gianpiero D’Amico, Thomas d’Humières, Carlo Dal Lin and Francesco Tona
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(22), 5563; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20225563 - 07 Nov 2019
Cited by 46 | Viewed by 4466
Abstract
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) form a heterogeneous group of disorders that include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), and systemic vasculitis. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is quite common in patients with ARDs and is linked [...] Read more.
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) form a heterogeneous group of disorders that include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs), and systemic vasculitis. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is quite common in patients with ARDs and is linked to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of both accelerated atherosclerosis and CMD in ARDs, especially in patients affected by SLE and RA. In this regard, some studies have highlighted the efficacy of immunosuppressants and/or biologics in restoring CMD in these patients. By contrast, the role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of CMD-SSc appears to be much less relevant compared to endothelial dysfunction and microvascular ischemia, with calcium-channel blockers providing some benefits. Few studies have endeavored to assess the occurrence of CMD in IIMs and systemic vasculitis, thus warranting further investigations. The present review summarizes the current evidence on the occurrence of CMD in ARDs, focusing on the role of inflammation and possible therapeutic approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microcirculation in Inflammation)
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17 pages, 1123 KiB  
Review
Microcirculatory Changes in Experimental Models of Stroke and CNS-Injury Induced Immunodepression
by Sarah Lunardi Baccetto and Christian Lehmann
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(20), 5184; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20205184 - 19 Oct 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5214
Abstract
Stroke is the second-leading cause of death globally and the leading cause of disability in adults. Medical complications after stroke, especially infections such as pneumonia, are the leading cause of death in stroke survivors. Systemic immunodepression is considered to contribute to increased susceptibility [...] Read more.
Stroke is the second-leading cause of death globally and the leading cause of disability in adults. Medical complications after stroke, especially infections such as pneumonia, are the leading cause of death in stroke survivors. Systemic immunodepression is considered to contribute to increased susceptibility to infections after stroke. Different experimental models have contributed significantly to the current knowledge of stroke pathophysiology and its consequences. Each model causes different changes in the cerebral microcirculation and local inflammatory responses after ischemia. The vast majority of studies which focused on the peripheral immune response to stroke employed the middle cerebral artery occlusion method. We review various experimental stroke models with regard to microcirculatory changes and discuss the impact on local and peripheral immune response for studies of CNS-injury (central nervous system injury) induced immunodepression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microcirculation in Inflammation)
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13 pages, 428 KiB  
Review
Inflammatory Response to Different Toxins in Experimental Sepsis Models
by Kayle Dickson and Christian Lehmann
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20(18), 4341; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184341 - 05 Sep 2019
Cited by 132 | Viewed by 7158
Abstract
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the dysregulated host response to infection. Despite serious mortality and morbidity, no sepsis-specific drugs exist. Endotoxemia is often used to model the hyperinflammation associated with early sepsis. This model classically uses lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from [...] Read more.
Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the dysregulated host response to infection. Despite serious mortality and morbidity, no sepsis-specific drugs exist. Endotoxemia is often used to model the hyperinflammation associated with early sepsis. This model classically uses lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Gram-negative pathogens to activate the immune system, leading to hyperinflammation, microcirculatory disturbances and death. Other toxins may also be used to activate the immune system including Gram-positive peptidoglycan (PG) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). In addition to these standard toxins, other bacterial components can induce inflammation. These molecules activate different signaling pathways and produce different physiological responses which can be taken advantage of for sepsis modeling. Endotoxemia modeling can provide information on pathways to inflammation in sepsis and contribute to preclinical drug development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microcirculation in Inflammation)
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