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Pathophysiology of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
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Pathophysiology of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 13102

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Luigi Formisano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: gastrointestinal cancer; breast cancer; translational research; drug resistance; target therapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Esophageal cancer, as the 8th most common cancer worldwide, is an aggressive malignancy, with a 5-year overall survival of 10%. Adenocarcinoma is the predominant esophageal cancer in developed nations, and important risk factors include chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease, obesity, and smoking. The lack of early clinical symptoms often delays diagnosis until the most advanced stages. Over the past thirty years, therapy improvements have only been modest. Thus, deepening our knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of the esophageal adenocarcinoma can assist physicians to find new biomarkers and predictive factors to choose the most appropriate therapy for patients.

This Special Issue on “Pathophysiology of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma” will cover a selection of recent research topics and current review articles in the field of esophageal adenocarcinoma, including evaluation of risk factors, as well as novelties in the whole genome or next-generation analysis, identification of the interaction with the immune system, and possible biomarkers.

Dr. Luigi  Formisano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Esophageal cancer
  • Adenocarcinoma
  • Risk factors
  • Pathology
  • Physiology

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1330 KiB  
Article
Detection of LINE-1 hypomethylation in cfDNA of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Patients
by Elisa Boldrin, Matteo Curtarello, Marco Dallan, Rita Alfieri, Stefano Realdon, Matteo Fassan and Daniela Saggioro
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(4), 1547; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041547 - 24 Feb 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3027
Abstract
DNA methylation plays an important role in cancer development. Cancer cells exhibit two types of DNA methylation alteration: site-specific hypermethylation at promoter of oncosuppressor genes and global DNA hypomethylation. This study evaluated the methylation patterns of long interspersed nuclear element (LINE-1) sequences which, [...] Read more.
DNA methylation plays an important role in cancer development. Cancer cells exhibit two types of DNA methylation alteration: site-specific hypermethylation at promoter of oncosuppressor genes and global DNA hypomethylation. This study evaluated the methylation patterns of long interspersed nuclear element (LINE-1) sequences which, due to their relative abundance in the genome, are considered a good surrogate indicator of global DNA methylation. LINE-1 methylation status was investigated in the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of 21 patients, 19 with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EADC) and 2 with Barrett’s esophagus (BE). The two BE patients and one EADC patient were also analyzed longitudinally. Methylation status was analyzed using restriction enzymes and DNA amplification. This methodology was chosen to avoid bisulfite conversion, which we considered inadequate for cfDNA analysis. Indeed, cfDNA is characterized by poor quality and low concentration, and bisulfite conversion might worsen these conditions. Results showed that hypomethylated LINE-1 sequences are present in EADC cfDNA. Furthermore, longitudinal studies in BE suggested a correlation between methylation status of LINE-1 sequences in cfDNA and progression to EADC. In conclusion, our study indicated the feasibility of our methodological approach to detect hypomethylation events in cfDNA from EADC patients, and suggests LINE-1 methylation analysis as a new possible molecular assay to integrate into patient monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma)
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Review

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19 pages, 311 KiB  
Review
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Esophageal Cancers: Are We Finally Finding the Right Path in the Mist?
by Caterina Vivaldi, Silvia Catanese, Valentina Massa, Irene Pecora, Francesca Salani, Stefano Santi, Monica Lencioni, Enrico Vasile, Alfredo Falcone and Lorenzo Fornaro
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(5), 1658; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051658 - 28 Feb 2020
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3988
Abstract
Esophageal cancer remains a challenging disease due to limited treatment options and poor prognosis. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been proven to be safe and effective in the treatment of highly lethal malignancies, such as non-small cell lung cancer and [...] Read more.
Esophageal cancer remains a challenging disease due to limited treatment options and poor prognosis. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have been proven to be safe and effective in the treatment of highly lethal malignancies, such as non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma. Recent clinical trials also showed promising activity in immune checkpoint inhibitors in pretreated advanced esophageal carcinoma and a potentially significant impact on the outcome of selected patients, independently of histology. Combination studies evaluating immunotherapy and chemotherapy and, in localized disease, radiotherapy are in progress and will hopefully confirm their promises in the near future. However, reliable predictive biomarkers are still lacking. Indeed, at present, the role of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression and other factors (such as microsatellite instability and tumor mutational burden) as predictive biomarkers of benefit to immune checkpoint inhibitors is still controversial. Our aim was to explore the rationale of ICIs in esophageal cancer, review the results already available in multiple settings, and investigate future perspectives with single-agent and combination strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma)
24 pages, 1952 KiB  
Review
Oligometastatic Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma: Molecular Pathophysiology and Current Therapeutic Approach
by Jin-On Jung, Henrik Nienhüser, Nikolai Schleussner and Thomas Schmidt
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(3), 951; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030951 - 31 Jan 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5244
Abstract
Gastric and esophageal cancers are dreaded malignancies, with a majority of patients presenting in either a locally advanced or metastatic state. Global incidences are rising and the overall prognosis remains poor. The concept of oligometastasis has been established for other tumor entities and [...] Read more.
Gastric and esophageal cancers are dreaded malignancies, with a majority of patients presenting in either a locally advanced or metastatic state. Global incidences are rising and the overall prognosis remains poor. The concept of oligometastasis has been established for other tumor entities and is also proposed for upper gastrointestinal tract cancers. This review article explores metastasis mechanisms on the molecular level, specific to esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma. Existing data and recent studies that deal with upper gastrointestinal tumors in the oligometastatic state are reviewed. Furthermore, current therapeutic targets in gastroesophageal cancers are presented and discussed. Finally, a perspective about future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies is given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma)
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