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Erythrocyte Cell Death: Molecular Insights

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 July 2025 | Viewed by 1853

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
Interests: regulated cell death; eryptosis; cancer cell biology; nanotoxicity; nanomaterials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A growing body of evidence suggests that erythrocytes can undergo regulated cell death (RCD) modalities similar to apoptosis and necroptosis of nucleated cells. To emphasize the differences between these RCDs in mature erythrocytes and nucleated cells, the terms eryptosis and erythronecroptosis were introduced. Recent advances in the field have significantly expanded our knowledge on the cell death machinery of mature erythrocytes. However, additional studies could provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing cell death pathways in mature erythrocytes. Accumulating evidence indicates that accelerated eryptosis is observed in multiple diseases, which can result in anemia and thrombosis development. The possibility to target eryptosis pharmaceutically is still under investigation. The search for novel molecular pathways involved in initiation and execution of eryptosis and elucidation of the crosstalk between eryptosis and necroptosis in mature erythrocytes might reveal novel targets for therapeutic interventions in eryptosis-related diseases. The Special Issue will focus on the mechanisms regulating RCD modalities in mature erythrocytes, and the studies aiming to clarify them will be gladly welcomed.

Dr. Anton Tkachenko
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • cell death signaling
  • eryptosis
  • erythrocyte senescence
  • erythrocytes
  • necroptosis
  • regulated cell death

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 12289 KiB  
Article
Mn3O4 Nanocrystal-Induced Eryptosis Features Ca2+ Overload, ROS and RNS Accumulation, Calpain Activation, Recruitment of Caspases, and Changes in the Lipid Order of Cell Membranes
by Yuriy Kot, Volodymyr Prokopiuk, Vladimir Klochkov, Liliya Tryfonyuk, Pavel Maksimchuk, Andrey Aslanov, Kateryna Kot, Oleg Avrunin, Lesya Demchenko, Saulesh Kurmangaliyeva, Anatolii Onishchenko, Svetlana Yefimova, Ondrej Havranek and Anton Tkachenko
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(7), 3284; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26073284 - 1 Apr 2025
Viewed by 384
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that manganese oxide nanoparticles (NPs) show multiple enzyme-mimicking antioxidant activities, which supports their potential in redox-targeting therapeutic strategies for diseases with impaired redox signaling. However, the systemic administration of any NP requires thorough hemocompatibility testing. In this study, we assessed [...] Read more.
Accumulating evidence suggests that manganese oxide nanoparticles (NPs) show multiple enzyme-mimicking antioxidant activities, which supports their potential in redox-targeting therapeutic strategies for diseases with impaired redox signaling. However, the systemic administration of any NP requires thorough hemocompatibility testing. In this study, we assessed the hemocompatibility of synthesized Mn3O4 NPs, identifying their ability to induce spontaneous hemolysis and eryptosis or impair osmotic fragility. Concentrations of up to 20 mg/L were found to be safe for erythrocytes. Eryptosis assays were shown to be more sensitive than hemolysis and osmotic fragility as markers of hemocompatibility for Mn3O4 NP testing. Flow cytometry- and confocal microscopy-based studies revealed that eryptosis induced by Mn3O4 NPs was accompanied by Ca2+ overload, altered redox homeostasis verified by enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and a decrease in the lipid order of cell membranes. Furthermore, Mn3O4 NP-induced eryptosis was calpain- and caspase-dependent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Erythrocyte Cell Death: Molecular Insights)
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18 pages, 9624 KiB  
Article
Galangin Triggers Eryptosis and Hemolysis Through Ca2+ Nucleation and Metabolic Collapse Mediated by PKC/CK1α/COX/p38/Rac1 Signaling Axis
by Mohammad A. Alfhili, Sumiah A. Alghareeb, Ghada A. Alotaibi and Jawaher Alsughayyir
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(22), 12267; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212267 - 15 Nov 2024
Viewed by 992
Abstract
Anticancer drugs cause anemia in patients through eryptosis and hemolysis. We thus studied the in vitro toxicity of galangin (GAL) in red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs were exposed to 50–500 μM of GAL and analyzed for markers of eryptosis and hemolysis. Ca2+ [...] Read more.
Anticancer drugs cause anemia in patients through eryptosis and hemolysis. We thus studied the in vitro toxicity of galangin (GAL) in red blood cells (RBCs). RBCs were exposed to 50–500 μM of GAL and analyzed for markers of eryptosis and hemolysis. Ca2+ nucleation, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, oxidative stress, and cell size were detected via fluorescence-activated cell sorting using Fluo4/AM, annexin-V-FITC, 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, and forward scatter (FSC), respectively. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured via Ellman’s assay and ultrastructural morphology was examined via scanning electron microscopy. Membrane rupture and extracellular hemoglobin, aspartate transaminase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assessed via colorimetric methods. Distinct experiments were carried out to identify protective agents and signaling pathways using small-molecule inhibitors. GAL triggered sucrose-sensitive hemolysis with AST and LDH leakage, increased annexin-V-FITC and Fluo4 fluorescence, and decreased FSC and AChE activity which was associated with the formation of granulated echinocytes. Ca2+ omission and energy replenishment with glucose, adenine, and guanosine blunted PS externalization and preserved cellular volume. Moreover, caffeine, Trolox, heparin, and uric acid had similar ameliorative effects. Hemolysis was abrogated via caffeine, Trolox, heparin, mannitol, lactate, melatonin, and PEG 8000. Notably, co-treatment of cells with GAL and staurosporin, D4476, or acetylsalicylic acid prevented PS externalization whereas only the presence of SB203580 and NSC23766 rescued the cells from GAL-induced hemolysis. Ca2+ nucleation and metabolic collapse mediated by PKC/CK1α/COX/p38/Rac1 drive GAL-induced eryptosis and hemolysis. These novel findings carry ramifications for the clinical prospects of GAL in anticancer therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Erythrocyte Cell Death: Molecular Insights)
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