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Therapeutic Uses of Adult Stem Cells
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Therapeutic Uses of Adult Stem Cells

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2025 | Viewed by 8042

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Leonard M. Eisenberg

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, Basic Sciences Building, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, NY 10595, USA
Interests: stem cells; cell differentiation; WNT regulation
Dr. Carol A. Eisenberg

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
Interests: stem cells in hemapoietic and cardiovascular systems; developmental biology; early embryonic signaling pathways

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

At the start of the present century, adult stem cells were considered to represent one of the most promising avenues for future medical therapies. Multiple studies reported that adult stem cells possessed phenotypic capacities that extend beyond differentiated cell phenotypes of the source tissue. Many of these initial claims did not materialize, as interest in the broad use of adult stem cells for healing diseased and damaged tissues was diminished once induced pluripotent stem cells were developed. However, adult organisms contain many abundant sources of stem cells, including many from accessible tissues (such as the blood, fat, skin, and bone marrow). This Special Issue is designed to highlight recent findings in adult stem cell research, including molecular and epigenetic mechanisms that regulate the differential potential of adult stem cells, the mesenchymal stem cell modulation of immune responses, drug delivery via adult stem cells, and the use of mesenchymal stem cells and their products to provoke the healing of damaged tissue.

Prof. Dr. Leonard M. Eisenberg
Dr. Carol A. Eisenberg 
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adult stem cells
  • mesenchymal stem cells
  • immune response
  • drug delivery

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 2696 KiB  
Article
Mobilization of Endogenous CD34+/CD133+ Endothelial Progenitor Cells by Enhanced External Counter Pulsation for Treatment of Refractory Angina
by Joseph T. Tartaglia, Carol A. Eisenberg, Joseph C. DeMarco, Gregory Puccio, Christina E. Tartaglia and Carl V. Hamby
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(18), 10030; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810030 - 18 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1764
Abstract
Adult stem cell therapy via intramyocardial injection of autologous CD34+ stem cells has been shown to improve exercise capacity and reduce angina frequency and mortality in patients with refractory angina (RA). However, the cost of such therapy is a limitation to its adoption [...] Read more.
Adult stem cell therapy via intramyocardial injection of autologous CD34+ stem cells has been shown to improve exercise capacity and reduce angina frequency and mortality in patients with refractory angina (RA). However, the cost of such therapy is a limitation to its adoption in clinical practice. Our goal was to determine whether the less costly, less invasive, and widely accessible, FDA-approved alternative treatment for RA patients, known as enhanced external counterpulsation (EECP), mobilizes endogenous CD34+ stem cells and whether such mobilization is associated with the clinical benefits seen with intramyocardial injection. We monitored changes in circulating levels of CD34+/CD133+ and CD34+/KDR+ cells in RA patients undergoing EECP therapy and in a comparator cohort of RA patients undergoing an exercise regimen known as cardiac rehabilitation. Changes in exercise capacity in both cohorts were monitored by measuring treadmill times (TT), double product (DP) scores, and Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina scores between pre- and post-treatment treadmill stress tests. Circulating levels of CD34+/CD133+ cells increased in patients undergoing EECP and were significant (β = −2.38, p = 0.012) predictors of improved exercise capacity in these patients. CD34+/CD133+ cells isolated from RA patients could differentiate into endothelial cells, and their numbers increased during EECP therapy. Our results support the hypothesis that mobilized CD34+/CD133+ cells repair vascular damage and increase collateral circulation in RA patients. They further support clinical interventions that can mobilize adult CD34+ stem cells as therapy for patients with RA and other vascular diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Uses of Adult Stem Cells)
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11 pages, 5723 KiB  
Article
Effects of Human Neural Stem Cells Overexpressing Neuroligin and Neurexin in a Spinal Cord Injury Model
by Jiwon Jeong, Yunseo Choi, Narae Kim, Haneul Lee, Eun-Jung Yoon and Dongsun Park
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 8744; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168744 - 10 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1627
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of stem cells for various diseases. However, unlike other tissues, brain tissue has a specific structure, consisting of synapses. These synapses not only transmit but also process and refine information. Therefore, synaptic regeneration plays a key [...] Read more.
Recent studies have highlighted the therapeutic potential of stem cells for various diseases. However, unlike other tissues, brain tissue has a specific structure, consisting of synapses. These synapses not only transmit but also process and refine information. Therefore, synaptic regeneration plays a key role in therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. Neurexins (NRXNs) and neuroligins (NLGNs) are synaptic cell adhesion molecules that connect pre- and postsynaptic neurons at synapses, mediate trans-synaptic signaling, and shape neural network properties by specifying synaptic functions. In this study, we investigated the synaptic regeneration effect of human neural stem cells (NSCs) overexpressing NRXNs (F3.NRXN) and NLGNs (F3.NLGN) in a spinal cord injury model. Overexpression of NRXNs and NLGNs in the neural stem cells upregulated the expression of synaptophysin, PSD95, VAMP2, and synapsin, which are synaptic markers. The BMS scores indicated that the transplantation of F3.NRXN and F3.NLGN enhanced the recovery of locomotor function in adult rodents following spinal cord injury. Transplanted F3.NRXN and F3.NLGN differentiated into neurons and formed a synapse with the host cells in the spinal cord injury mouse model. In addition, F3.NRXN and F3.NLGN cells restored growth factors (GFs) and neurotrophic factors (NFs) and induced the proliferation of host cells. This study suggested that NSCs overexpressing NRXNs and NLGNs could be candidates for cell therapy in spinal cord injuries by facilitating synaptic regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Uses of Adult Stem Cells)
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19 pages, 12422 KiB  
Article
Specific Features of the Functional Activity of Human Adipose Stromal Cells in the Structure of a Partial Skin-Equivalent
by Diana Ya. Aleynik, Irina N. Charykova, Yulia P. Rubtsova, Daria D. Linkova, Ekaterina A. Farafontova and Marfa N. Egorikhina
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(12), 6290; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126290 - 7 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3912
Abstract
Mesenchymal adipose stromal cells (ASCs) are considered the most promising and accessible material for translational medicine. ASCs can be used independently or within the structure of scaffold-based constructs, as these not only ensure mechanical support, but can also optimize conditions for cell activity, [...] Read more.
Mesenchymal adipose stromal cells (ASCs) are considered the most promising and accessible material for translational medicine. ASCs can be used independently or within the structure of scaffold-based constructs, as these not only ensure mechanical support, but can also optimize conditions for cell activity, as specific features of the scaffold structure have an impact on the vital activity of the cells. This manuscript presents a study of the secretion and accumulation that occur in a conditioned medium during the cultivation of human ASCs within the structure of such a partial skin-equivalent that is in contact with it. It is demonstrated that the ASCs retain their functional activity during cultivation both within this partial skin-equivalent structure and, separately, on plastic substrates: they proliferate and secrete various proteins that can then accumulate in the conditioned media. Our comparative study of changes in the conditioned media during cultivation of ASCs on plastic and within the partial skin-equivalent structure reveals the different dynamics of the release and accumulation of such secretory factors in the media under a variety of conditions of cell functioning. It is also demonstrated that the optimal markers for assessment of the ASCs’ secretory functions in the studied partial skin-equivalent structure are the trophic factors VEGF-A, HGF, MCP, SDF-1α, IL-6 and IL-8. The results will help with the development of an algorithm for preclinical studies of this skin-equivalent in vitro and may be useful in studying various other complex constructs that include ASCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Uses of Adult Stem Cells)
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