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New Progress in Peptidic Protease Inhibitors

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2026 | Viewed by 880

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
Interests: peptide-based inhibitors; peptidomimetics; bioactive inhibitors; cysteine proteases; proteasome; anticancer; inhibitors from nature; drug-combination studies
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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (CHIBIOFARAM), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
Interests: peptide-based inhibitors; cysteine protease inhibitors; nutraceuticals; drug-combination studies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Peptide-based inhibitors represent a promising class of therapeutic agents characterized by high specificity and favorable safety profiles. These compounds are designed to target key proteases involved in several pathological processes. Proteases are also essential for cells because they are involved in various physiological processes, such as protein turnover, digestion, cell signaling, apoptosis, and immune response. They are classified based on their catalytic mechanism into serine, cysteine, aspartic, threonine, or metallo-proteases. They could be used in several fields, such as for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, metabolic and neurological disorders, and infectious diseases. However, their clinical development has been often limited due to enzymatic degradation, rapid systemic clearance, and poor oral bioavailability. Recent advances in structural modification techniques—such as the introduction of unnatural amino acids or of specific scaffolds into the peptide backbone, peptide cyclization, PEGylation, and encapsulation in nanosystems—have significantly enhanced their stability and pharmacokinetic profiles, increasing their potential in clinical applications.

In this Special Issue, we aim to provide evidence for the identification and development of novel peptides as protease inhibitors with a promising therapeutic potential.

Prof. Dr. Roberta Ettari
Dr. Carla Di Chio
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • peptide inhibitors
  • infectious diseases
  • cancer
  • metabolic disorders
  • neurological disorders
  • inflammation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

21 pages, 1390 KB  
Article
Synthesis of New Asymmetrical Chalcones and Evaluation of Their Use in Combination with Curcumin Against Rhodesain of T. brucei rhodesiense
by Carla Di Chio, Josè Starvaggi, Benito Natale, Santo Previti, Fabiola De Luca, Sandro Cosconati, Tanja Schirmeister, Maria Zappalà and Roberta Ettari
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(7), 3320; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27073320 - 7 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Rhodesain is a cysteine protease that plays a key role in the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, an endemic parasite in sub-Saharan Africa and responsible for Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), a disease that can be fatal if not treated promptly. Due [...] Read more.
Rhodesain is a cysteine protease that plays a key role in the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, an endemic parasite in sub-Saharan Africa and responsible for Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), a disease that can be fatal if not treated promptly. Due to the limitations associated with current HAT pharmacological therapy, the search for new targets for the development of antitrypanosomal agents is urgently needed; in this context, rhodesain represents a promising therapeutic target. In this study, new chalcones were synthesized and tested against rhodesain. Given their affinity for the trypanosomal cysteine protease (Ki values in the micromolar range), chalcone 1a was selected to evaluate its effect in combination with the nutraceutical curcumin. The Combination Index (CI) was calculated using Chou and Talalay’s method. The analysis of the CI calculated at different fa values of enzyme inhibition for the combination curcumin + 1a showed promising results. For all fa values, the CI is less than one, indicating a synergistic effect when chalcone 1a is combined with curcumin. In particular, at the most significant fa value (0.90), corresponding to 90% of enzyme inhibition, the CI value is 0.1781, indicating a strong synergism between the synthetic drug and the nutraceutical. The combined use of curcumin and chalcone 1a led to an enhancement of rhodesain inhibitory activity, resulting in a strong synergistic effect and supporting further investigation of this combination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Progress in Peptidic Protease Inhibitors)
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