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MicroRNAs in Cancer Therapy: 2nd Edition
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MicroRNAs in Cancer Therapy: 2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2024) | Viewed by 13322

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Bonglee Kim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
Interests: oncology; epigenetics; miRNA; natural products; cancer; antioxidants; apoptosis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs about 18–24 nucleotides in length that have roles in cellular homeostasis functions in proliferation, cell cycle, development, differentiation, growth, and apoptosis. Various human diseases, including multiple sclerosis, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer, are associated with deregulated miRNA expression. The aberrant expression of miRNAs is shown in various cancers. Recently, miRNAs were identified as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and response to therapy. However, the full mechanism of miRNA in cancer therapy is still unknown. It has been reported that several drugs, including natural products, have an miRNA regulatory effect on cancer pathology, including apoptosis, autophagy, drug resistance, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, etc.

In the Special Issue of “MicroRNAs in Cancer Therapy”, the main topic of interest is recent advances in miRNA studies in cancer therapy.

Prof. Dr. Bonglee Kim
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • miRNA
  • cancer
  • apoptosis
  • proliferation
  • metastasis
  • resistance
  • chemotherapy
  • natural product
  • herbal medicine
  • plant extract
  • side effects of chemotherapy

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 4189 KiB  
Article
Colon Cancer-Derived Exosomal LncRNA-XIST Promotes M2-like Macrophage Polarization by Regulating PDGFRA
by Beibei Gao, Li Wang, Ting Wen, Xiaoge Xie, Xiaoyi Rui and Qiaoyi Chen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(21), 11433; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111433 - 24 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1423
Abstract
Colon cancer ranks second in overall cancer-related deaths and poses a serious risk to human life and health. In recent years, exosomes are believed to play an important and significant role in cancer, especially tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs). Previous studies have highlighted the pivotal [...] Read more.
Colon cancer ranks second in overall cancer-related deaths and poses a serious risk to human life and health. In recent years, exosomes are believed to play an important and significant role in cancer, especially tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs). Previous studies have highlighted the pivotal role of exosomes in tumor development, owing to their ability to mediate communication between tumor cells and macrophages, induce macrophage M2 polarization, and facilitate the progression of tumorigenesis. In this study, we revealed that colon cancer-derived exosomes promoted M2-like macrophage polarization. Moreover, exosome-induced M2-like macrophages, in turn, promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities of colon cancer cells. Specifically, CT26- and HCT116-derived exosomes led to the activation of AKT, ERK, and STAT3/6 signaling pathways in THP-1(Mφ) cells. Furthermore, our findings showed that colon cancer-derived exosomes secreted lncXIST to sponge miR-17-5p, which, in turn, promoted the expression of PDGFRA, a common gene found in all three signaling pathways, to facilitate M2-like macrophage polarization. Dual-luciferase reporter assays confirmed the binding relationship between lncXIST and miR-17-5p, as well as miR-17-5p and PDGFRA. Collectively, our results highlight the novel role of lncXIST in facilitating macrophage polarization by sponging miR-17-5p and regulating PDGFRA expression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MicroRNAs in Cancer Therapy: 2nd Edition)
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26 pages, 1699 KiB  
Article
Serum microRNA Profiles and Pathways in Hepatitis B-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A South African Study
by Kurt Sartorius, Benn Sartorius, Cheryl Winkler, Anil Chuturgoon, Tsai-Wei Shen, Yongmei Zhao and Ping An
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(2), 975; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25020975 - 12 Jan 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2192
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to increase sharply by 2040 against a backdrop of limited diagnostic and therapeutic options. Two large South African-based case control studies have developed a serum-based miRNome for Hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular [...] Read more.
The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Sub-Saharan Africa is projected to increase sharply by 2040 against a backdrop of limited diagnostic and therapeutic options. Two large South African-based case control studies have developed a serum-based miRNome for Hepatitis B-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC), as well as identifying their gene targets and pathways. Using a combination of RNA sequencing, differential analysis and filters including a unique molecular index count (UMI) ≥ 10 and log fold change (LFC) range > 2: <−0.5 (p < 0.05), 91 dysregulated miRNAs were characterized including 30 that were upregulated and 61 were downregulated. KEGG analysis, a literature review and other bioinformatic tools identified the targeted genes and HBV-HCC pathways of the top 10 most dysregulated miRNAs. The results, which are based on differentiating miRNA expression of cases versus controls, also develop a serum-based miRNA diagnostic panel that indicates 95.9% sensitivity, 91.0% specificity and a Youden Index of 0.869. In conclusion, the results develop a comprehensive African HBV-HCC miRNome that potentially can contribute to RNA-based diagnostic and therapeutic options. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MicroRNAs in Cancer Therapy: 2nd Edition)
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Review

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20 pages, 3187 KiB  
Review
MicroRNAs in Genitourinary Malignancies: An Exciting Frontier of Cancer Diagnostics and Therapeutics
by Nikhita Kathuria-Prakash, Pranali Dave, Lizette Garcia, Paige Brown and Alexandra Drakaki
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9499; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179499 - 31 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1626
Abstract
Genitourinary (GU) malignancies, including prostate, urothelial, kidney, testicular, penile, and adrenocortical cancers, comprise a significant burden of cancers worldwide. While many practice-changing advances have been made in the management of GU malignancies in the last decade, there is still significant room for improvement. [...] Read more.
Genitourinary (GU) malignancies, including prostate, urothelial, kidney, testicular, penile, and adrenocortical cancers, comprise a significant burden of cancers worldwide. While many practice-changing advances have been made in the management of GU malignancies in the last decade, there is still significant room for improvement. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that regulate post-transcription gene expression and which have been implicated in multiple mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Therefore, they have the potential to revolutionize personalized cancer therapy, with several ongoing preclinical and clinical studies underway to investigate their efficacy. In this review, we describe the current landscape of miRNAs as diagnostics, therapeutics, and biomarkers of response for GU malignancies, reflecting a novel frontier in cancer treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MicroRNAs in Cancer Therapy: 2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 1070 KiB  
Review
Recent Technologies towards Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Circulating Nucleic Acids in Colorectal Cancers
by Jun Chung, Sophie Xiao, Yang Gao and Young Hwa Soung
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 8703; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168703 - 9 Aug 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2299
Abstract
Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising noninvasive approach for colorectal cancer (CRC) management. This review focuses on technologies detecting circulating nucleic acids, specifically circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating RNA (cfRNA), as CRC biomarkers. Recent advancements in molecular technologies have enabled sensitive [...] Read more.
Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising noninvasive approach for colorectal cancer (CRC) management. This review focuses on technologies detecting circulating nucleic acids, specifically circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and circulating RNA (cfRNA), as CRC biomarkers. Recent advancements in molecular technologies have enabled sensitive and specific detection of tumor-derived genetic material in bodily fluids. These include quantitative real-time PCR, digital PCR, next-generation sequencing (NGS), and emerging nanotechnology-based methods. For ctDNA analysis, techniques such as BEAMing and droplet digital PCR offer high sensitivity in detecting rare mutant alleles, while NGS approaches provide comprehensive genomic profiling. cfRNA detection primarily utilizes qRT-PCR arrays, microarray platforms, and RNA sequencing for profiling circulating microRNAs and discovering novel RNA biomarkers. These technologies show potential in early CRC detection, treatment response monitoring, minimal residual disease assessment, and tumor evolution tracking. However, challenges remain in standardizing procedures, optimizing detection limits, and establishing clinical utility across disease stages. This review summarizes current circulating nucleic acid detection technologies, their CRC applications, and discusses future directions for clinical implementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MicroRNAs in Cancer Therapy: 2nd Edition)
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22 pages, 1972 KiB  
Review
How MicroRNAs Command the Battle against Cancer
by Hong Helena Wu, Sarah Leng, Consolato Sergi and Roger Leng
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(11), 5865; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25115865 - 28 May 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1825
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate more than 30% of genes in humans. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Large sets of miRNAs in human tumors are under-expressed compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, experiments have [...] Read more.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate more than 30% of genes in humans. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs play a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Large sets of miRNAs in human tumors are under-expressed compared to normal tissues. Furthermore, experiments have shown that interference with miRNA processing enhances tumorigenesis. Multiple studies have documented the causal role of miRNAs in cancer, and miRNA-based anticancer therapies are currently being developed. This review primarily focuses on two key points: (1) miRNAs and their role in human cancer and (2) the regulation of tumor suppressors by miRNAs. The review discusses (a) the regulation of the tumor suppressor p53 by miRNA, (b) the critical role of the miR-144/451 cluster in regulating the Itch-p63-Ago2 pathway, and (c) the regulation of PTEN by miRNAs. Future research and the perspectives of miRNA in cancer are also discussed. Understanding these pathways will open avenues for therapeutic interventions targeting miRNA regulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MicroRNAs in Cancer Therapy: 2nd Edition)
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18 pages, 889 KiB  
Review
Role of microRNAs in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
by Francesco Autore, Alice Ramassone, Luca Stirparo, Sara Pagotto, Alberto Fresa, Idanna Innocenti, Rosa Visone and Luca Laurenti
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(15), 12471; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241512471 - 5 Aug 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2910
Abstract
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukemia in adults, with a highly variable clinical course. Improvement in the knowledge of the molecular pathways behind this disease has led to the development of increasingly specific therapies, such as BCR signaling [...] Read more.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most common form of leukemia in adults, with a highly variable clinical course. Improvement in the knowledge of the molecular pathways behind this disease has led to the development of increasingly specific therapies, such as BCR signaling inhibitors and BCL-2 inhibitors. In this context, the emerging role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in CLL pathophysiology and their possible application in therapy is worth noting. MiRNAs are one of the most important regulatory molecules of gene expression. In CLL, they can act both as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, and the deregulation of specific miRNAs has been associated with prognosis, progression, and drug resistance. In this review, we describe the role of the miRNAs that primarily impact the disease, and how these miRNAs could be used as therapeutic tools. Certainly, the use of miRNAs in clinical practice is still limited in CLL. Many issues still need to be solved, particularly regarding their biological and safety profile, even if several studies have suggested their efficacy on the disease, alone or in combination with other drugs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MicroRNAs in Cancer Therapy: 2nd Edition)
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