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Molecular Research and Immune Landscape of Breast Cancer

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2026 | Viewed by 1620

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Laboratório de Trombose, Câncer e Inflamação, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21.941-902, Brazil
Interests: cancer; thrombosis; inflammation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most prevalent malignant neoplasias in women, presenting from low aggressive luminal subtypes to highly aggressive triple negative/basal-like subtypes. Different omics approaches along with single-cell analysis have allowed significant advances in the understanding of the immune landscape of breast cancer. In this context, changes in the tumor microenvironment have a strong impact on disease progression and metastatic dissemination. Also, the immune cell composition has been associated with response to therapy and the acquisition of chemo- and/or radiotherapy resistance.  

This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, titled “Molecular Research and Immune Landscape of Breast Cancer”, aims at providing an updated overview of recent advances in the molecular research of breast cancer research, with particular emphasis on the immune cell landscape and its impact on disease progression and response to therapy.

The formats for submissions include original research articles, brief communications, and reviews.

Dr. Robson Monteiro
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • breast cancer
  • immune landscape
  • single-cell analysis
  • omics
  • therapy resistance
  • metastasis

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

24 pages, 23493 KB  
Article
Pancancer Analysis and the Oncogenic Role of UBTF in Breast Invasive Carcinoma
by Mingang He, Yi Wu, Simeng Liu, Yifeng Hou, Hefen Sun and Wei Jin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(6), 2909; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27062909 - 23 Mar 2026
Viewed by 565
Abstract
Upstream binding transcription factor (UBTF) is a nuclear transcription factor implicated in ribosome biogenesis, yet its pancancer relevance and immunological associations remain incompletely understood. We integrated datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Cancer [...] Read more.
Upstream binding transcription factor (UBTF) is a nuclear transcription factor implicated in ribosome biogenesis, yet its pancancer relevance and immunological associations remain incompletely understood. We integrated datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), and cBioPortal databases to characterize UBTF expression, genomic alterations, and prognostic value across 33 cancer types. Immune microenvironment analyses were performed using ESTIMATE and multiple deconvolution algorithms. CRISPR-Cas9–mediated UBTF depletion was conducted in breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) cell lines to evaluate functional roles. UBTF was broadly upregulated in multiple tumors with recurrent copy number gains. Survival analyses revealed cancer type–dependent prognostic associations. UBTF expression correlated with immune/stromal contexture, checkpoint features, and predicted immunotherapy response. In BRCA, UBTF depletion reduced proliferation and migration while increasing apoptosis. A UBTF-related prognostic signature effectively stratified patient outcomes and was associated with immune infiltration and predicted immunotherapy response. UBTF represents a pancancer biomarker linked to tumor immunity, with validated functional significance in BRCA and potential utility for risk stratification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research and Immune Landscape of Breast Cancer)
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13 pages, 8690 KB  
Article
Inflammasome Activation by Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) in the MDA-MB-231 Human Breast Cancer Cell Line
by Alexander Gonçalves da Silva, Evellyn Pereira, Vitor H. Almeida, Laryssa D. Pinto, Juliana L. Souza, Tatiana M. Tilli, Robson Coutinho-Silva, Emiliano Medei, Sandra Konig and Robson Q. Monteiro
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(5), 2230; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27052230 - 27 Feb 2026
Viewed by 704
Abstract
Inflammation is a key feature in breast cancer progression, with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) playing an important role. NETs are DNA-based structures released by neutrophils that can promote tumor adhesion, invasion, and immune evasion. Another crucial mechanism is the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex [...] Read more.
Inflammation is a key feature in breast cancer progression, with neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) playing an important role. NETs are DNA-based structures released by neutrophils that can promote tumor adhesion, invasion, and immune evasion. Another crucial mechanism is the inflammasome, a multiprotein complex that drives inflammation through cytokine release. Both mechanisms are present in tumors and may act synergistically. In this study, we evaluated how isolated NETs modulate the NLRP3 inflammasome in a human breast cancer model. Exposure of MDA-MB-231 cells to NETs increased the expression of NLRP3, CASP1, and IL1B. Blocking IL-1R with Anakinra reduced IL1B expression, while inhibition of the P2X7 receptor with A740003 decreased NLRP3 and IL1B. ELISA confirmed that NETs stimulate IL-1β release, which was reduced by MCC950, Anakinra, and A740003. Functionally, NETs accelerated tumor cell migration, and this effect was inhibited by MCC950 and Anakinra. Bioinformatics analysis of TCGA breast cancer samples showed differential inflammasome gene expression among subtypes and a positive correlation between inflammasome components and NET-related genes. These findings highlight the interplay between inflammatory and immune mechanisms in breast cancer progression and may support the development of new therapeutic strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research and Immune Landscape of Breast Cancer)
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