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Oxidation in Human Health and Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 3281

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratori ICS de Camp de Tarragona i Terres de l'Ebre, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
Interests: cardiovascular diseases; microbiology and infectious diseases; cancer; metabolic diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There is known that oxidation plays a very important role in health and disease, being missregulation of oxidative equilibrium the underlying cause of the vast amount of diseases.

As we know, the mitochondrial are the main organ responsible of production of ROS (reactive oxygen species), but its production are closelly related to energy production.

This is the first step to understand that energy production are related to oxidative species production and the mechanisms to its control are the main tool to understand that the regulation of oxidative species are the key to maintain human health.

Not in all diseases oxidative equilibrium has been identified and measured by biochemical magnitudes. There is a large labour to get laboratory measurements done in clinical practice, reason by which has a huge value stablish relationships between oxidative species or its index and human diseases.

The aim of the present Special Issue is to collect review articles, original research, letters or short communication about oxidation in human health and human disease. We encourage the submission of manuscripts presenting reviews about the misregulation of oxidative equilibrium in human disease providing novel strategies and data to identify the relationship between misregulation of oxidative equilibrium and disease.

Dr. Isabel Fort
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • oxidative balance
  • biochemical markers
  • reactive oxygen species
 

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 1705 KiB  
Article
Preeclampsia Treatment Aspirin/Clampsilin: Oxidative Stress, sFlt-1/PIGF Soluble Tyrosine Kinase 1, and Placental Growth Factor Monitoring
by Denitsa Kostadinova-Slavova, Kamelia Petkova-Parlapanska, Irina Koleva, Mariya Angelova, Rafaah Sadi J. Al-Dahwi, Ekaterina Georgieva, Yanka Karamalakova and Galina Nikolova
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(24), 13497; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413497 - 17 Dec 2024
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Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate and compare oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme activity in the serum of women at risk of developing preeclampsia (PE) to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes through early intervention. Changes in soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental [...] Read more.
The present study aimed to investigate and compare oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzyme activity in the serum of women at risk of developing preeclampsia (PE) to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes through early intervention. Changes in soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF) levels were measured between 11 and 13 gestational weeks (gw.) before the onset of preeclampsia and its associated complications. This study evaluated the feasibility of the sFlt-1/PlGF biomarker ratio in predicting preeclampsia and adverse pregnancy outcomes, with the goal of preventive therapy with acetylsalicylic acid (150 mg daily), with acetylsalicylic acid (75 mg daily) and Clampsilin. For this purpose, the following were evaluated: (1) the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) as parameters of oxidative stress; (2) lipid oxidation; (3) antioxidant enzyme activity; and (4) cytokine production. Analysis of the results showed that pregnant women at risk of preeclampsia had significantly higher levels of ROS, lipid oxidation, and superoxide anion radical (•O2) levels compared to normal pregnancies. In PE, depleted levels of nitric oxide (NO), impaired NO synthase system (NOS), and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity (p < 0.03) suggest that PE patients cannot compensate for oxidative stress (OS). In conclusion, oxidative stress in PE plays a key role, which arises from placental problems and affects both mother and baby. The groups with acetylsalicylic acid therapy (150 mg and 75 mg) were better affected compared to those on Clampsillin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidation in Human Health and Disease)
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Review

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21 pages, 5491 KiB  
Review
Innovations in Drug Discovery for Sickle Cell Disease Targeting Oxidative Stress and NRF2 Activation—A Short Review
by Athena Starlard-Davenport, Chithra D. Palani, Xingguo Zhu and Betty S. Pace
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(9), 4192; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094192 - 28 Apr 2025
Viewed by 337
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic blood disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin S production, which polymerizes under hypoxia conditions to produce chronic red blood cell hemolysis, widespread organ damage, and vasculopathy. As a result of vaso-occlusion and ischemia-reperfusion injury, individuals with SCD [...] Read more.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic blood disorder characterized by abnormal hemoglobin S production, which polymerizes under hypoxia conditions to produce chronic red blood cell hemolysis, widespread organ damage, and vasculopathy. As a result of vaso-occlusion and ischemia-reperfusion injury, individuals with SCD have recurrent pain episodes, infection, pulmonary disease, and fall victim to early death. Oxidative stress due to chronic hemolysis and the release of hemoglobin and free heme is a key driver of the clinical manifestations of SCD. The net result is the generation of reactive oxygen species that consume nitric oxide and overwhelm the antioxidant system due to a reduction in enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The primary mechanism for handling cellular oxidative stress is the activation of antioxidant proteins by the transcription factor NRF2, a promising target for treatment development, given the significant role of oxidative stress in the clinical severity of SCD. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress in health and the clinical complications of SCD, and the potential of NRF2 as a treatment target, offering hope for developing effective therapies for SCD. This task requires our collective dedication and focus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidation in Human Health and Disease)
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12 pages, 772 KiB  
Review
Redox Chemistry: Implications for Necrotizing Enterocolitis
by Grant H. Gershner and Catherine J. Hunter
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8416; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158416 - 1 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1351
Abstract
Reduction–oxidation (redox) chemistry plays a vital role in human homeostasis. These reactions play critical roles in energy generation, as part of innate immunity, and in the generation of secondary messengers with various functions such as cell cycle progression or the release of neurotransmitters. [...] Read more.
Reduction–oxidation (redox) chemistry plays a vital role in human homeostasis. These reactions play critical roles in energy generation, as part of innate immunity, and in the generation of secondary messengers with various functions such as cell cycle progression or the release of neurotransmitters. Despite this cornerstone role, if left unchecked, the body can overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS). When these overwhelm endogenous antioxidant systems, oxidative stress (OS) occurs. In neonates, OS has been associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), leukomalacia, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Given its broad spectrum of effects, research has started to examine whether OS plays a role in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In this paper, we will discuss the basics of redox chemistry and how the human body keeps these in check. We will then discuss what happens when these go awry, focusing mostly on NEC in neonates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidation in Human Health and Disease)
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