Preeclampsia Treatment Aspirin/Clampsilin: Oxidative Stress, sFlt-1/PIGF Soluble Tyrosine Kinase 1, and Placental Growth Factor Monitoring
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Levels of NO, eNOS, and iNOS
2.2. Oxidative Stress Assessment by Measuring the MDA, ROS and •O2−
2.3. The Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Chemicals
4.2. Diagnostic Criteria for Outcomes
4.3. Prediction of Preeclampsia
4.4. Patients
4.5. Blood Samples Preparation
4.6. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Study
4.7. Evaluation of the ROS Product Levels
4.8. Evaluation of the •NO Radical Levels
4.9. Superoxide Anion Radical •O2−
4.10. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Normotensive Pregnant (NP) n = 34 | PE Before Therapy (n = 77) | PE with Aspirine Acard (n = 34) 150 mg/day | PE with Clampsilin Therapy (n = 21) 2 Sachets Daily | PE with Aspirine Acard (n = 22) 75 mg/day |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at delivery (years) | 27.33 ±9.28 | 29.17 ± 10.01 | 30.17 ± 10.01 | 28.17 ± 9.25 | 28.11 ± 10.36 |
BMI (kg/m2) mean ± SD | 24.5 (21.9–28.4) | 27.1 (23.5–32.3) | 33.56 (31.4 ± 36.4) | 33.76 (31.6 ± 36.1) | 33.61 (31.4 ± 36.9) |
Gestational age at sampling (weeks) | 11–13+6 | 11–13+6 | 20–34 | 20–34 | 20–34 |
Blood shugar mmol/L, mean ±SD | 4.98 ± 0.51 | 5.12 ± 2.35 | 5.32 ± 4.89 | 4.85 ± 5.41 | 4.98 ± 5.02 |
Chronic hypertension | no | no | no | no | no |
HbA1C% | 5.69 ± 0.44 | 5.08 ± 0.52 | 5.16 ± 0.27 | 5.27 ± 0.11 | 5.11 ± 0.18 |
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Status | no | no | no | no | no |
sFlT-1/PIGF | 5.03 ± 4.62 | 87.61 ± 14.11 | 70.85 ± 10.04 | 40.07 ± 9.33 | 72.01± 6.07 |
sFlT-1 (soluble thyrosinkinase) | 991 ± 1.17 | 5005 ± 123.22 | 4002 ± 111.34 | 4208 ± 174.01 | 4199 ± 169.22 |
PIGF (placental growth factor) | 197 ± 15.05 | 90 ± 12.85 | 103 ± 18.01 | 105 ± 14.15 | 98 ± 10.01 |
blood pressure | 110/60 | 145/100 | 120/85 | 115/80 | 115/80 |
proteinuria (UPCR) mg/mmol | <30 | >45 | <40 | <40 | <40 |
Superoxide dismutase SOD (U/gHb) | 97.13 ± 12.78 | 29.41 ± 2.99 | 59.77 ± 7.81 | 61.01 ± 8.05 | 58.55 ± 10.13 |
Catalase CAT (U/gHb) | 42.71 ± 9.09 | 113.21 ± 21.12 | 72.66 ± 13.45 | 74.68 ± 13.55 | 65.47 ± 5.16 |
Glutathione peroxidase GSH-Px (U/gHb) | 278.44 ± 31.25 | 101.59 ± 33.55 | 147.13 ± 41.25 | 151.71 ± 31.13 | 189.87 ± 7.61 |
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Kostadinova-Slavova, D.; Petkova-Parlapanska, K.; Koleva, I.; Angelova, M.; Sadi J. Al-Dahwi, R.; Georgieva, E.; Karamalakova, Y.; Nikolova, G. Preeclampsia Treatment Aspirin/Clampsilin: Oxidative Stress, sFlt-1/PIGF Soluble Tyrosine Kinase 1, and Placental Growth Factor Monitoring. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 13497. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413497
Kostadinova-Slavova D, Petkova-Parlapanska K, Koleva I, Angelova M, Sadi J. Al-Dahwi R, Georgieva E, Karamalakova Y, Nikolova G. Preeclampsia Treatment Aspirin/Clampsilin: Oxidative Stress, sFlt-1/PIGF Soluble Tyrosine Kinase 1, and Placental Growth Factor Monitoring. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2024; 25(24):13497. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413497
Chicago/Turabian StyleKostadinova-Slavova, Denitsa, Kamelia Petkova-Parlapanska, Irina Koleva, Mariya Angelova, Rafaah Sadi J. Al-Dahwi, Ekaterina Georgieva, Yanka Karamalakova, and Galina Nikolova. 2024. "Preeclampsia Treatment Aspirin/Clampsilin: Oxidative Stress, sFlt-1/PIGF Soluble Tyrosine Kinase 1, and Placental Growth Factor Monitoring" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 24: 13497. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413497
APA StyleKostadinova-Slavova, D., Petkova-Parlapanska, K., Koleva, I., Angelova, M., Sadi J. Al-Dahwi, R., Georgieva, E., Karamalakova, Y., & Nikolova, G. (2024). Preeclampsia Treatment Aspirin/Clampsilin: Oxidative Stress, sFlt-1/PIGF Soluble Tyrosine Kinase 1, and Placental Growth Factor Monitoring. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(24), 13497. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252413497