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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 12001

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Prof. Dr. Decio Armanini

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Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, University of Padova, Via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy
Interests: hypertension; aldosterone; inflammation; gynecological endocrinologo; polycystic ovary syndrome; adrenals; insulin resistance

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common ovarian endocrinopathy affecting women of reproductive age and it is also the most common and complex endocrinopathy worldwide, with a prevalence of 6–10%. The occurrence of PCOS is associated with hyperandrogenemia and/or hirsutism, ovulatory dysfunction, infertility, and many metabolic abnormalities. The latter includes insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Additionally, it has been reported that the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increased in women with PCOS.

Taking into account the great impact PCOS has on women’s health, I would like to encourage submissions to our Special Issue that cover many aspects of that disease, including genetic, metabolic and reproductive factors. We gratefully accept submissions of both original and review studies.

Prof. Dr. Decio Armanini
Guest Editor

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1244 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study of Cardiovascular Risk Biomarkers in Non-Obese Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Association with Vitamin D

by Manjula Nandakumar, Priya Das, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Alexandra E. Butler and Stephen L. Atkin

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(12), 6330; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25126330 - 7 Jun 2024

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2767

Abstract

Vitamin D is proposed to have a protective effect against cardiovascular disease, though the mechanism is unclear. Vitamin D deficiency is common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), where it is strongly related to obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and risk of cardiovascular disease. To determine if the inherent pathophysiology of PCOS or vitamin D levels are linked to dysregulation of cardiovascular risk proteins (CVRPs), a study in non-obese women with PCOS and without IR was undertaken. Our hypothesis was that the levels of vitamin D₃ and its active metabolite would be associated with CVRPs comparably in women with and without PCOS. In women with PCOS (n = 29) and controls (n = 29), 54 CVRPs were determined by Slow Off-rate Modified Aptamer (SOMA)-scan plasma protein measurement and correlated to 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25(OH)D₃) and the active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ (1,25(OH)₂D₃) measured by gold standard isotope-dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Women with PCOS had comparable IR and systemic inflammation (normal C-reactive protein) to control women, though had higher free androgen index and anti-Mullerian hormone levels. 25(OH)D₃ and 1,25(OH)₂D₃ levels did not differ between groups. Nine CVRPs were higher in PCOS (p < 0.05) (Galectin-9, Brother of CDO, C-motif chemokine 3, Interleukin-18 receptor-1, Thrombopoietin, Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein, Programmed cell death 1 ligand-2, Low-affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc-region receptor II-b and human growth hormone), whilst 45 CVRPs did not differ. 25(OH)D₃ correlated with five CVRPs in PCOS and one in controls (p < 0.05). Despite the women with PCOS not exhibiting overt systemic inflammation, 9 of 54 CVRPs were elevated, all relating to inflammation, and 5 of these correlated with 25(OH)D_3, suggesting an ongoing underlying inflammatory process in PCOS even in the absence of obesity/IR. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome)

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16 pages, 1142 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

The Effect of Metformin and Carbohydrate-Controlled Diet on DNA Methylation and Gene Expression in the Endometrium of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

by Elizabeth García-Gómez, Yadira Inés Gómez-Viais, Martin Mizael Cruz-Aranda, Luis Daniel Martínez-Razo, Christian Reyes-Mayoral, Lizeth Ibarra-González, Araceli Montoya-Estrada, Mauricio Osorio-Caballero, Otilia Perichart-Perera, Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo, Marco Cerbón, Enrique Reyes-Muñoz and Edgar Ricardo Vázquez-Martínez

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6857; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076857 - 6 Apr 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4115

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disease associated with infertility and metabolic disorders in reproductive-aged women. In this study, we evaluated the expression of eight genes related to endometrial function and their DNA methylation levels in the endometrium of PCOS patients and women without the disease (control group). In addition, eight of the PCOS patients underwent intervention with metformin (1500 mg/day) and a carbohydrate-controlled diet (type and quantity) for three months. Clinical and metabolic parameters were determined, and RT-qPCR and MeDIP-qPCR were used to evaluate gene expression and DNA methylation levels, respectively. Decreased expression levels of HOXA10, GAB1, and SLC2A4 genes and increased DNA methylation levels of the HOXA10 promoter were found in the endometrium of PCOS patients compared to controls. After metformin and nutritional intervention, some metabolic and clinical variables improved in PCOS patients. This intervention was associated with increased expression of HOXA10, ESR1, GAB1, and SLC2A4 genes and reduced DNA methylation levels of the HOXA10 promoter in the endometrium of PCOS women. Our preliminary findings suggest that metformin and a carbohydrate-controlled diet improve endometrial function in PCOS patients, partly by modulating DNA methylation of the HOXA10 gene promoter and the expression of genes implicated in endometrial receptivity and insulin signaling. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome)

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14 pages, 1661 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Components of the Complement Cascade Differ in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

by Alexandra E. Butler, Abu Saleh Md Moin, Thozhukat Sathyapalan and Stephen L. Atkin

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(20), 12232; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012232 - 13 Oct 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4459

Abstract

Complement pathway proteins are reported to be increased in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and may be affected by obesity and insulin resistance. To investigate this, a proteomic analysis of the complement system was undertaken, including inhibitory proteins. In this cohort study, plasma was collected from 234 women (137 with PCOS and 97 controls). SOMALogic proteomic analysis was undertaken for the following complement system proteins: C1q, C1r, C2, C3, C3a, iC3b, C3b, C3d, C3adesArg, C4, C4a, C4b, C5, C5a, C5b-6 complex, C8, properdin, factor B, factor D, factor H, factor I, mannose-binding protein C (MBL), complement decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and complement factor H-related protein 5 (CFHR5). The alternative pathway of the complement system was primarily overexpressed in PCOS, with increased C3 (p < 0.05), properdin and factor B (p < 0.01). In addition, inhibition of this pathway was also seen in PCOS, with an increase in CFHR5, factor H and factor I (p < 0.01). Downstream complement factors iC3b and C3d, associated with an enhanced B cell response, and C5a, associated with an inflammatory cytokine release, were increased (p < 0.01). Hyperandrogenemia correlated positively with properdin and iC3b, whilst insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) correlated with iC3b and factor H (p < 0.05) in PCOS. BMI correlated positively with C3d, factor B, factor D, factor I, CFHR5 and C5a (p < 0.05). This comprehensive evaluation of the complement system in PCOS revealed the upregulation of components of the complement system, which appears to be offset by the concurrent upregulation of its inhibitors, with these changes accounted for in part by BMI, hyperandrogenemia and insulin resistance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Insight to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome)

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