International Journal of Molecular Sciences

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State-of-the-Art Materials Science in USA

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Prof. Dr. Peter I. Lelkes

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Department Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Engineering Building Room 811, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
Interests: regenerative tissue engineering; nanotechnology-based biomaterials; soft tissue engineering; embryonic & adult stem cells

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) aims to rapidly publish contributions on the synthesis, properties’ characterization and application of all aspects of materials with a focus on biological or molecular research. Topics include, without being limited to:

Biomaterials
Nanomaterials
Structural Materials
Functional/Sensor Materials
Advanced/Nuclear Materials
Polymers/Composites
Self-Assembly/Macromolecular Materials
Optoelectronic/Magnetic Materials
Soft Materials
Biological Materials
Non-covalent Interactions

Prof. Dr. Peter I. Lelkes
Guest Editor

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Research

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16 pages, 8028 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Composite Hydrogels Based on Poly(Ethylene Glycol) and Cellulose Macromonomers as Fortified Materials for Environmental Cleanup and Clean Water Safeguarding

by Dariya Getya, Alec Lucas and Ivan Gitsov

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(8), 7558; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24087558 - 20 Apr 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1684

Abstract

Pollution with organic dyes is one of the most typical environmental problems related to industrial wastewater. The removal of these dyes opens up new prospects for environmental remediation, but the design of sustainable and inexpensive systems for water purification is a fundamental challenge. This paper reports the synthesis of novel fortified hydrogels that can bind and remove organic dyes from aqueous solutions. These hydrophilic conetworks consist of chemically modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-m) and multifunctional cellulose macromonomers (“cellu-mers”). Williamson etherification with 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (4-VBC) is used to modify PEGs of different molecular masses (1, 5, 6, and 10 kDa) and cellobiose, Sigmacell, or Technocell™ T-90 cellulose (products derived from natural renewable resources) with polymerizable/crosslinkable moieties. The networks are formed with good (75%) to excellent (96%) yields. They show good swelling and have good mechanical properties according to rheological tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that cellulose fibers are visibly embedded into the inner hydrogel structure. The ability to bind and remove organic dyes, such as bromophenol blue (BPB), methylene blue (MB), and crystal violet (CV), from aqueous solutions hints at the potential of the new cellulosic hydrogels for environmental cleanup and clean water safeguarding. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in USA)

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Review

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27 pages, 4934 KiB

Open AccessReview

Bioreactor Technologies for Enhanced Organoid Culture

by Joseph P. Licata, Kyle H. Schwab, Yah-el Har-el, Jonathan A. Gerstenhaber and Peter I. Lelkes

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(14), 11427; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411427 - 13 Jul 2023

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6363

Abstract

An organoid is a 3D organization of cells that can recapitulate some of the structure and function of native tissue. Recent work has seen organoids gain prominence as a valuable model for studying tissue development, drug discovery, and potential clinical applications. The requirements for the successful culture of organoids in vitro differ significantly from those of traditional monolayer cell cultures. The generation and maturation of high-fidelity organoids entails developing and optimizing environmental conditions to provide the optimal cues for growth and 3D maturation, such as oxygenation, mechanical and fluidic activation, nutrition gradients, etc. To this end, we discuss the four main categories of bioreactors used for organoid culture: stirred bioreactors (SBR), microfluidic bioreactors (MFB), rotating wall vessels (RWV), and electrically stimulating (ES) bioreactors. We aim to lay out the state-of-the-art of both commercial and in-house developed bioreactor systems, their benefits to the culture of organoids derived from various cells and tissues, and the limitations of bioreactor technology, including sterilization, accessibility, and suitability and ease of use for long-term culture. Finally, we discuss future directions for improvements to existing bioreactor technology and how they may be used to enhance organoid culture for specific applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science in USA)

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