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The Microbiome and Multiple Sclerosis

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 January 2024) | Viewed by 3313

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Department of Informatics & Analytics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
Interests: artificial intelligence; data science; big data
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There has been growing interest in the host microbiome in multiple sclerosis, with investigations of this exciting paradigm ranging from basic science to clinical approaches and therapeutic interventions. The microbiome—which is now regarded as (i) an important risk factor contributing to disease development, (ii) an influencer of disease course and trajectory, and (iii) a possible additional layer that filters DMT’s effectiveness—is paving the way for more personalized and custom therapeutic approaches.

At the same time, technological advancements such as Shotgun and Whole-Genome Microbial Sequencing have enabled much deeper host microbiome sequencing, also enabling the evaluation of longitudinal and age-related variability.

This Special Issue welcomes contributions on the host microbiome that either provide a better understanding of multiple sclerosis from purely biological and mechanistic standpoints, or discuss possible novel therapeutic frontiers to modulate the immune system through microbial influence.

Dr. Renato Umeton
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • host microbiome
  • microbiome
  • multiple sclerosis
  • risk factors
  • disease course
  • disease trajectory
  • longitudinal study
  • disease-modifying therapy
  • personalized medicine
  • host–microbiome interaction
  • microbial influence
  • gut–brain axis

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

21 pages, 1031 KiB  
Review
The Role of Gut Microbiota in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
by Shi-Qi Yao, Xiayin Yang, Ling-Ping Cen and Shaoying Tan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3179; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063179 - 9 Mar 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2929
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare, disabling inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-specific T cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of NMOSD. In addition to immune factors, T cells recognizing the AQP4 epitope showed cross-reactivity [...] Read more.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare, disabling inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-specific T cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of NMOSD. In addition to immune factors, T cells recognizing the AQP4 epitope showed cross-reactivity with homologous peptide sequences in C. perfringens proteins, suggesting that the gut microbiota plays an integral role in the pathogenicity of NMOSD. In this review, we summarize research on the involvement of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of NMOSD and its possible pathogenic mechanisms. Among them, Clostridium perfringens and Streptococcus have been confirmed to play a role by multiple studies. Based on this evidence, metabolites produced by gut microbes, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan (Trp), and bile acid (BA) metabolites, have also been found to affect immune cell metabolism. Therefore, the role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of NMOSD is very important. Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota can lead to pathological changes and alter the formation of microbiota-derived components and metabolites. It can serve as a biomarker for disease onset and progression and as a potential disease-modifying therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Microbiome and Multiple Sclerosis)
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