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Targeting Epigenetics in Cancer Therapy

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 July 2024) | Viewed by 4450

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmaceutical & Administrative Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Charleston, Charleston, WV 25304, USA
Interests: DNA methylation; histone acetylation; DNMT inhibitors; hematologic malignancies; acute myeloid leukemia
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite the foundational role of chemotherapy in cancer treatment, epigenetic therapy also has a significant impact as a monotherapy or combined therapy. Epigenetic therapy relies on the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications, which establish dynamic shifts between active and suppressed transcriptional states. A myriad of enzymes are involved in establishing the dynamic epigenetic changes and each could represent a potential target in cancer treatment. Currently, histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors are approved for use in specific hematologic malignancies.

In this Special Issue, we aim to identify novel epigenetic targets and epigenetic modifiers that could have potential in cancer therapeutics. We are also interested in understanding the molecular basis of existing epigenetic therapies and the expansion of their clinical utility in different types of cancer. Finally, the role of herbal medicine in reversing epigenetic changes, with the consequent induction of tumor arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells, is also an aim of this Special Issue. It is worth mentioning that pure clinical studies will not be suitable for submission in this issue and only clinical or pure model submissions with biomolecular experiments are welcome.

Dr. Tamer E. Fandy
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • epigenetic therapy
  • histone acetylation
  • histone modifications
  • DNA methylation
  • DNA methyltransferase inhibitors
  • histone deacetylase inhibitors
  • histone methylation
  • miRNA modifications
  • herbal products

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3031 KiB  
Article
SNHG15 Mediates MTSS1 Gene Expression via Interacting with the Gene Promoter and Regulating Transcription Pausing
by Yanchun Zhou, Shaoying Chen, Weibin Chen, Jundong Wu and Wei Gu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(21), 11565; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111565 - 28 Oct 2024
Viewed by 964
Abstract
Metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) has been reported to play important roles in suppressing cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism that regulates MTSS1 expression. We showed that in breast cancer cells, lncRNA-SNHG15-induced cell invasion and proliferation was accompanied with the [...] Read more.
Metastasis suppressor 1 (MTSS1) has been reported to play important roles in suppressing cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism that regulates MTSS1 expression. We showed that in breast cancer cells, lncRNA-SNHG15-induced cell invasion and proliferation was accompanied with the decreased expression of MTSS1 mRNA. Further study revealed that SNHG15 mediated MTSS1 repression through blocking its promoter activity. Mechanistically, SNHG15 complexes with DDX5 and RTF1 and interacts with the core promoter of the MTSS1 gene to interfere with RNA-Pol-II-directed transcriptional initiation. Association with DDX5 stabilizes SNHG15 while binding to RTF1 allows SNHG15 to carry RTF1 to the core promoter, where RTF1 forms a complex with PNA pl II to enhance transcriptional pausing. Our findings revealed a molecular mechanism by which SNHG15 serves as a regulator to suppresses MTSS1 transcription via interaction with the gene core promoter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeting Epigenetics in Cancer Therapy)
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23 pages, 14658 KiB  
Article
MCPIP1 Elicits a Therapeutic Effect on Cervical Cancer by Facilitating XIAP mRNA Decay via Its Endoribonuclease Activity
by Junyun Luo, Ling He, Yanxia Guo, Junzhi Wang, Hui Liu and Zhaoyong Li
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(19), 10285; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251910285 - 24 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1217
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women globally. Chemotherapies, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies in the treatment of cervical cancer are usually accompanied by effective and adverse effects. Therefore, finding other efficient and accurate molecular targets remains essential to improve the [...] Read more.
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women globally. Chemotherapies, targeted therapies, and immunotherapies in the treatment of cervical cancer are usually accompanied by effective and adverse effects. Therefore, finding other efficient and accurate molecular targets remains essential to improve the treatment benefits of cervical cancer patients. MCPIP1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein 1) is a kind of endonuclease with a CCCH zinc finger domain and a PilT-N-terminal (PIN) domain, and its function in cervical cancer is unknown. We found that MCPIP1 inhibits cell proliferation and promotes cell apoptosis of cervical cancer. Additionally, MCPIP1 suppresses mRNA and protein expression of the apoptotic inhibitor XIAP by decreasing its mRNA stability. Mechanically, MCPIP1 binds to the XIAP mRNA via its CCCH zinc finger domain and degrades the XIAP mRNA via the endonuclease activity coming from its PIN domain. Our study clarifies that MCPIP1 promotes cervical cancer cell apoptosis by suppressing the expression of XIAP, thereby impeding cervical cancer progression. Moreover, targeted delivery of MCPIP1 with engineered Salmonella typhimurium leads to tumor growth retardation in the HeLa xenograft tumor model in mice. Therefore, our study may provide a theoretical basis for formulating clinical treatment strategies for cervical cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeting Epigenetics in Cancer Therapy)
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Review

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15 pages, 721 KiB  
Review
Progresses and Pitfalls of Epigenetics in Solid Tumors Clinical Trials
by Alice Rossi, Francesca Zacchi, Anna Reni, Michele Rota, Silvia Palmerio, Jessica Menis, Andrea Zivi, Stefano Milleri and Michele Milella
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(21), 11740; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111740 - 31 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1822
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation has long been recognized as a significant contributor to tumorigenesis and tumor maintenance, impacting all recognized cancer hallmarks. Although some epigenetic drugs have received regulatory approval for certain hematological malignancies, their efficacy in treating solid tumors has so far been largely [...] Read more.
Epigenetic dysregulation has long been recognized as a significant contributor to tumorigenesis and tumor maintenance, impacting all recognized cancer hallmarks. Although some epigenetic drugs have received regulatory approval for certain hematological malignancies, their efficacy in treating solid tumors has so far been largely disappointing. However, recent advancements in developing new compounds and a deeper understanding of cancer biology have led to success in specific solid tumor subtypes through precision medicine approaches. Moreover, epigenetic drugs may play a crucial role in synergizing with other anticancer treatments, enhancing the sensitivity of cancer cells to various anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. In this review, we critically evaluate the evolution of epigenetic drugs, tracing their development from initial use as monotherapies to their current application in combination therapies. We explore the preclinical rationale, completed clinical studies, and ongoing clinical trials. Finally, we discuss trial design strategies and drug scheduling to optimize the development of possible combination therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeting Epigenetics in Cancer Therapy)
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