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Recent Molecular Research in Neuroimmunology

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2026) | Viewed by 1063

Editor


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Guest Editor
Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disease Group, Neurological Sciences and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Area of Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research—IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), 28046 Madrid, Spain
Interests: neuroimmunology; multiple sclerosis; neurodegenerative disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The importance of B-cells in neuroimmunology is highlighted by the role of antibodies in different immune-mediated nervous system diseases, including myasthenia gravis, autoimmune encephalitis, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Antibodies can be a marker of viral infection, such as those against Epstein–Barr virus in MS, or pathogenic, as highlighted by autoimmune encephalitis and myasthenia gravis.

In this Special Issue, we would like to highlight the importance of B-cell function and antibodies in neuroimmunology, particularly in progressive MS.

Suitable topics include but are not limited to MS, progressive MS antibodies, B-cell function, myasthenia gravis, and autoimmune encephalitis.

Dr. Mireya Fernández-Fournier
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • neuroimmunology
  • antibodies
  • virus
  • multiple sclerosis
  • progression

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 1003 KB  
Article
Immunogenicity of Hepatitis B Virus Vaccination in Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients Under Immunocompromising Treatment
by Jerónimo Cruces-Párraga, Ana Muñoz-Jurado, Begoña M. Escribano, Francisco A. Martín-Hersog, Clara Triguero-Ortiz, Claudia Carmona-Medialdea, Isaac Túnez, Javier Caballero-Villarraso and Eduardo Agüera-Morales
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(6), 2801; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27062801 - 19 Mar 2026
Viewed by 672
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). By acting on the immune system, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) can control disease activity, but they indirectly increase susceptibility to infections, so different vaccines are necessary to prevent it. [...] Read more.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). By acting on the immune system, disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) can control disease activity, but they indirectly increase susceptibility to infections, so different vaccines are necessary to prevent it. DMTs may potentially affect vaccine-induced seroconversion. We aim to analyse the response to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine (Engerix-B) in relapsing–remitting MS patients (RRMS) using these therapies because the scientific literature remains limited in this area. A retrospective observational study of RRMS patients vaccinated against HBV was conducted. Acquired immunity after vaccination was determined, and an analysis of immunogenicity was conducted based on the type of DMT (immunomodulators/immunosuppressants), vaccine doses, total lymphocyte count (TLC), age, and sex. 200 patients were included, with a mean age 47.79 years, and 140 (70%) were women. A lower vaccine response was observed in patients treated with immunosuppressive DMTs (51.8%, p < 0.001), particularly with fingolimod (32.4%, p < 0.001), and a higher response was seen with immunomodulators like teriflunomide and interferon-β1a (100%, p < 0.001). Using logistic regression, a model was obtained that included the number of vaccine cycles, lymphopenia and type of DMT associated with the response to the HBV vaccine. It is necessary to adapt HBV vaccination protocols for MS patients, considering the type of DMT used and baseline immune status. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Molecular Research in Neuroimmunology)
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