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Molecular Computational Research in Pharmacological Structure–Efficacy

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2026 | Viewed by 2619

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Laboratory of Computer Modeling of Molecular Biosystems, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
2. Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
Interests: computational modeling of enzymes linked to antimicrobial resistance; using quantum chemistry and free energy methods to explore reaction mechanisms and guide antibiotic development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Computer Modeling of Molecular Biosystems, Federal University of Pará, Belém 66075-110, Pará, Brazil
Interests: computational simulation of catalytic processes and enzymatic inhibition; protein modeling; hybrid QM/MM methods; molecular dynamics simulations

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue collates research on molecular computational approaches to elucidate the intricate relationships between chemical structure and pharmacological efficacy. Recent advancements in quantum mechanics, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and free energy calculations have considerably improved the rational design and optimization of drug candidates. These methodologies offer in-depth insights into molecular recognition, binding affinity, and mechanistic pathways, leading to a greater understanding of drug–target interactions at the atomic level. We invite the submission of original research and review articles that utilize computational tools to predict bioactivity, investigate structure–activity relationships (SAR), or model enzymatic and receptor-mediated processes. Studies that bridge experimental and theoretical perspectives are particularly encouraged, especially those focusing on novel therapeutic targets and innovative computational strategies. This initiative aims to promote the development of more effective and selective pharmacological agents through data-driven and mechanism-based design.

This Special Issue welcomes the submission of original research articles and comprehensive reviews. Relevant topics include, but are not limited to, the following areas:

  • Structure–activity relationship (SAR) and quantitative SAR (QSAR) studies;
  • Molecular docking and virtual screening of drug candidates;
  • Molecular dynamics and enhanced sampling techniques in drug–target interactions;
  • Quantum mechanics and hybrid QM/MM methods in pharmacological modeling;
  • Free energy calculations (e.g., FEP, MM/PBSA, LIE) for binding affinity prediction;
  • Computational design and optimization of enzyme inhibitors and receptor ligands;
  • Machine learning and AI in drug discovery and pharmacological profiling;
  • Mechanistic modeling of biochemical pathways relevant to drug action;
  • Integration of computational and experimental data for structure–efficacy analysis.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. José Rogério A. Silva
Dr. Jerônimo Lameira
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • molecular modeling
  • structure–activity relationship (SAR)
  • pharmacological efficacy
  • quantum chemistry
  • molecular dynamics
  • free energy calculations
  • drug design
  • enzyme inhibition
  • ligand–receptor interactions
  • computational pharmacology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

32 pages, 2869 KB  
Article
Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Potential of Calotropis procera Leaf Ethanolic Extract: From GC-MS Profiling to Molecular Docking and Dynamics
by Juan David Rodríguez-Macías, Oscar Saurith-Coronell, Laura Martínez Parra, Domingo César Carrascal-Hernández, Fabio Fuentes-Gandara, Daniel Insuasty and Edgar A. Márquez-Brazón
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(21), 10574; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262110574 - 30 Oct 2025
Viewed by 861
Abstract
Calotropis procera, a drought-tolerant shrub widely used in folk medicine, was evaluated for its antimicrobial potential and safety using an integrative in vitro/in silico workflow. Ethanolic leaf extract (EE-CP) displayed a dose-dependent inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2913 and Escherichia coli ATCC [...] Read more.
Calotropis procera, a drought-tolerant shrub widely used in folk medicine, was evaluated for its antimicrobial potential and safety using an integrative in vitro/in silico workflow. Ethanolic leaf extract (EE-CP) displayed a dose-dependent inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 2913 and Escherichia coli ATCC 35218, reaching 93% and 52% of the amoxicillin control, respectively (MIC 207 µg mL−1 and 149 µg mL−1). GC-MS and LC-HRMS profiling revealed cardenolides (strophanthidin, gitoxigenin) and indole derivatives as major constituents. Pharmacophore mapping highlighted the essential glycosyltransferase MurG as a likely bacterial target; molecular docking showed that strophanthidin and NCGC00384918 bind MurG more strongly than the native substrate UDP-GlcNAc (ΔG ≤ −9.4 kcal mol−1), a result corroborated by 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations and MM-PBSA binding energies (−96.4 and −49.3 kcal mol−1). EE-CP caused <10% hemolysis up to 1.5 mg mL−1 and exhibited LC50 values of 302 µg mL−1 (human lymphocytes) and 247 µg mL−1 (BHK-21 cells), indicating a narrow but exploitable therapeutic window. Collectively, these findings constitute the first report on Colombian C. procera demonstrating potent anti-Staphylococcus activity, MurG-targeted cardenolides, and acceptable erythrocyte compatibility. This study supports EE-CP as a promising source of lead molecules and antibiotic adjuvants, warranting guided fractionation and in vivo validation to optimize efficacy and mitigate cytotoxicity. Full article
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23 pages, 5343 KB  
Article
Monothiooxalamide–Benzothiazole Hybrids: Predictive Docking on HDAC6, Synthesis, Molecular Structure, and Antiproliferative Activity on Breast Cancer Cells
by Carlos Eduardo Macías-Hernández, Irving Balbuena-Rebolledo, Efrén V. García-Báez, Laura C. Cabrera-Pérez, Marycarmen Godínez-Victoria, Martha C. Rosales-Hernández and Itzia I. Padilla-Martínez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(17), 8684; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26178684 - 5 Sep 2025
Viewed by 1370
Abstract
A new family of monothiooxalamide derived from 2-aminobenzothiazole was synthesized with the purpose of investigating its anticancer activity. The design of the compounds was focused on targeting the HDAC6 enzyme, a target for antineoplastic drugs. The in silico affinity of compounds to HDAC6 [...] Read more.
A new family of monothiooxalamide derived from 2-aminobenzothiazole was synthesized with the purpose of investigating its anticancer activity. The design of the compounds was focused on targeting the HDAC6 enzyme, a target for antineoplastic drugs. The in silico affinity of compounds to HDAC6 was performed and confirmed by docking simulation. The structures of monothiooxalamide–benzothiazole hybrids were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR experiments, as well as through mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy. In addition, the antiproliferative activity of compounds was assessed in human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB231) and non-malignant cells (MCF-10A and NIH/3T3). The most active compound was N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-((4-methoxybenzyl)amino)-2-thioxoacetamide (1c), which inhibited breast cancer cell growth and invasiveness in vitro and induced late apoptosis in the MCF-7 cell line. The molecular structure of 1c was solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The supramolecular arrangement of benzothiazole and 4-methoxy-benzylamine moieties, present in the crystal structure of 1c, was consistent with the interactions on the docked DD2-HDAC6 catalytic site. Full article
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