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The Molecular Basis of Extracellular Vesicles in Health and Diseases—2nd Edition

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Neurology, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit-West, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
2. Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Interests: extracellular vesicles; neuro-oncology; tumor immunology; tumor microenvironment; microRNAs; gene and cell therapy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), i.e., nanoparticles with a bilayer membrane, are secreted by almost all cell types and can be found in bodily fluids. EVs are heterogeneous and play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication by carrying bioactive molecules that can modulate the behavior of target cells at both close and distant sites. The composition of EVs is determined by their biogenetic molecular pathway, as well as the microenvironment of the parent cell. Regardless of their origin, EVs carry a diverse set of bioactive molecules, including lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins, either inside the vesicle or exposed on their surface. Recent studies have provided valuable insight into the physiological and pathological roles of EVs. Technological advances in the detection, isolation, and characterization of EVs are significantly expanding, supporting research on their potential role in the diagnosis and therapy of various diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disorders, neurological diseases, and infectious diseases.

This Special Issue aims to provide comprehensive and critical knowledge on the pre-clinical and clinical applications of EVs in relation to the pathophysiology of different diseases, evaluate their diagnostic and therapeutic potential, and review the progress in this field. The published research articles will also provide new insights into the genetic and epigenetic predictors driven by EVs involved in the etiology of multiple diseases.

Scope and information for Authors:

This Special Issue covers various areas of research on the involvement of EVs in diseases, including genetics, epigenetics, RNAs, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiome studies. The scope ranges from the most basic to the most clinically applied research, incorporating methodology, applications, and implications. We welcome submissions of research articles on the following sub-themes: extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids, extracellular vesicles for the transport of genetic information and gene therapy, the transfer of nucleic acid to mediate communication by extracellular vesicles, the role of extracellular vesicles in epigenetics, microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles and their molecular cargo, extracellular vesicles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, the heterogeneity of EVs in diseases, and new technology to isolate and characterize EVs.

The Special Issue is open access and both reviews and original research articles are welcome for submissions.

Dr. Taral R. Lunavat
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • exosomes
  • microvesicles
  • extracellular vesicles
  • genetic material
  • therapeutics
  • diagnostics
  • biomarkers
  • molecular pathway
  • liquid biopsy
  • metabolism
  • omics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 3872 KiB  
Article
Proteomics of Bacterial and Mouse Extracellular Vesicles Released in the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Nutrient-Stressed Animals Reveals an Interplay Between Microbial Serine Proteases and Mammalian Serine Protease Inhibitors
by Régis Stentz, Emily Jones, Lejla Gul, Dimitrios Latousakis, Aimee Parker, Arlaine Brion, Andrew J. Goldson, Kathryn Gotts and Simon R. Carding
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(9), 4080; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094080 - 25 Apr 2025
Viewed by 88
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by members of the intestinal microbiota can not only contribute to digestion but also mediate microbe–host cell communication via the transfer of functional biomolecules to mammalian host cells. An unresolved question is which host factors and conditions influence [...] Read more.
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by members of the intestinal microbiota can not only contribute to digestion but also mediate microbe–host cell communication via the transfer of functional biomolecules to mammalian host cells. An unresolved question is which host factors and conditions influence BEV cargo and how they impact host cell function. To address this question, we analysed and compared the proteomes of BEVs released by the major human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (Bt) in vivo in fed versus fasted animals using nano-liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS). Among the proteins whose abundance was negatively affected by fasting, nine of ten proteins of the serine protease family, including the regulatory protein dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), were significantly decreased in BEVs produced in the GITs of fasted animals. Strikingly, in extracellular vesicles produced by the intestinal epithelia of the same fasted mice, the proteins with the most increased abundance were serine protease inhibitors (serpins). Together, these findings suggest a dynamic interaction between GI bacteria and the host. Additionally, they indicate a regulatory role for the host in determining the balance between bacterial serine proteases and host serpins exported in bacterial and host extracellular vesicles. Full article
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