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Metabolomics in Coronary Artery Disease: From Pathogenesis to Personalized Medicine

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Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-848 Poznan, Poland
Interests: surgical revascularization; OPCAB; arterial grafting; heart failure; mechanical support; heart transplantation; inflammatory activationair pollution
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Coronary artery disease (CAD) represents one of the leading mortality conditions in current populations. CAD is considered a multifactorial disease, and various factors subsidize its pathogenesis. The classical risk factors of CAD are well-defined, and their satisfactory management is postulated, though the prevalence of epicardial disease in epidemiological reports is still alarming.

Among novel biomarkers based on a personalized approach, metabolomic analysis is raising scientific attention as it represents the combination of genetic and non-genetic phenotypes. It is believed that metabolomics inquiries may provide a more accurate understanding of the disease pathogenesis and drug response disparities between the patients. This may help in personalized attitude and guiding therapy, particularly for multifactorial diseases such as CAD.

The assessment of risk factors, diagnosis, drug response, and results from metabolomic analysis will be the subject of the issue. The issue will focus on metabolomics results' possible application in CAD risk prediction and management.

Dr. Tomasz Urbanowicz
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • coronary artery disease (CAD)
  • atherosclerosis
  • epicardial disease
  • CAD pathogenesis
  • personalized approach
  • drug response
  • metabolomic

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

11 pages, 661 KiB  
Article
Lower Sphingomyelin SM 42:1 Plasma Level in Coronary Artery Disease—Preliminary Study
by Tomasz Urbanowicz, Paweł Gutaj, Szymon Plewa, Ievgen Spasenenko, Beata Krasińska, Anna Olasińska-Wiśniewska, Dariusz Kowalczyk, Zbigniew Krasiński, Ewelina Grywalska, Mansur Rahnama-Hezavah, Mariusz Kowalewski, Andrzej Tykarski, Ewa Wender-Ożegowska and Jan Matysiak
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(4), 1715; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26041715 - 17 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 622
Abstract
Coronary artery atherosclerosis is a common condition characterized by different symptomatology and incidences of risk factors. The disease manifestation may differ; therefore, proper diagnosis is essential. The preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic arms are still developing to improve patient outcomes. Among diagnostic steps, the [...] Read more.
Coronary artery atherosclerosis is a common condition characterized by different symptomatology and incidences of risk factors. The disease manifestation may differ; therefore, proper diagnosis is essential. The preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic arms are still developing to improve patient outcomes. Among diagnostic steps, the non-invasive tools for evaluating non-classical factors related to metabolomic profiles are gaining attention. The aim of this study was to investigate possible metabolic profiling differences between patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) and a control group based on plasma sphingomyelin levels. The study group consisted of 23 patients (72% male, median age of 69 (63–72) years) presenting with chronic coronary syndrome and confirmed epicardial disease in coronary angiography and 15 patients (33% male, median age of 70 (64–72) years) with normal angiographic results. Clinical data were recorded, and blood samples were collected for standard biochemical laboratory assessment and metabolomic profiling. The plasma sphingomyelin levels were evaluated in patients with different degrees of coronary artery atherosclerosis involvement. In addition, the severity of the epicardial disease was estimated by the Gensini Score. The study subgroups did not differ in terms of age (p = 0.765) and co-morbidities, though the male sex was more common in the CAD group (p = 0.007). The analysis revealed significant differences regarding neutrophil count (p = 0.014), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (p = 0.016), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.003). Among different plasma sphingomyelin species, there was a significant difference in plasma SM42:1 level (16.2 (14.2–19.1) vs. 20.8 (18.9–21.7) (p = 0.044) between the CAD and control groups, respectively. The SM 42:1 plasma level was independent of the number of involved epicardial arteries (p = 0.109). However, Spearman correlations tests were performed between the SM 42:1 plasma level and the number of coronary arteries diagnosed with atherosclerosis disease (rho = −0.356, p = 0.014) and the severity of the disease measured by the Gensini Score (rho = −0.403, p = 0.006). There was no correlation between plasma sphingomyelin levels and NLR (Spearman’s rho = −0.135, p = 0.420), suggesting a lack of inflammatory associations. Further, sphingomyelins showed no relationship with coronary artery disease risk factors such as dyslipidemia and diabetes. Lower plasma SM 42:1 levels were revealed in the CAD group compared with the control group, indicating a possible significance of sphingomyelin 42:1 in coronary artery disease progression. Full article
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