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Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Function during Plant Immunity

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A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2022) | Viewed by 8106

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Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Christopher J Staiger

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Guest Editor

Departments of Botany & Plant Pathology and Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
Interests: cytoskeleton; host plant-microbe interactions; actin-binding proteins; microscopy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The plant cytoskeleton, comprising a dynamic network of microtubules and actin microfilaments, serves as a key platform for responding to biotic stresses. During plant defense against microbial invaders, the cytoskeleton has been implicated in non-host resistance, PAMP-triggered immunity, and effector-triggered susceptibility. Unique actin arrays are often constructed in cells under attack, and these assist in cell wall fortification, vesicle trafficking and secretion of antimicrobial compounds, modulating the abundance of membrane proteins of the defense machinery, among other important functions. Recent works have linked cytoskeletal remodeling with hallmark signaling events; identified key actin-binding proteins and phospholipids necessary for cytoskeletal dynamics; and characterized effector proteins that bind to or impact on cytoskeletal function. This Special Issue intends to highlight recent advances at the nexus of cytoskeletal dynamics or function and the defense against microbial invaders by providing a collection of up-to-date reviews, mini-reviews, and original research articles.

Prof. Dr. Christopher J Staiger
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

plant cytoskeleton
actin filaments
microtubules
signal transduction
host–microbe interactions
plant defense response
pattern-triggered immunity
effector-triggered immunity
effectors
pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)
pattern recognition receptors (PRR)
cytosolic Ca²⁺
phospholipids
reactive oxygen species
protein kinases

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 3034 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lipid Signaling Requires ROS Production to Elicit Actin Cytoskeleton Remodeling during Plant Innate Immunity

by Lingyan Cao, Wenyi Wang, Weiwei Zhang and Christopher J. Staiger

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(5), 2447; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052447 - 23 Feb 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2602

Abstract

In terrestrial plants a basal innate immune system, pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), has evolved to limit infection by diverse microbes. The remodeling of actin cytoskeletal arrays is now recognized as a key hallmark event during the rapid host cellular responses to pathogen attack. Several actin binding proteins have been demonstrated to fine tune the dynamics of actin filaments during this process. However, the upstream signals that stimulate actin remodeling during PTI signaling remain poorly characterized. Two second messengers, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phosphatidic acid (PA), are elevated following pathogen perception or microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) treatment, and the timing of signaling fluxes roughly correlates with actin cytoskeletal rearrangements. Here, we combined genetic analysis, chemical complementation experiments, and quantitative live-cell imaging experiments to test the role of these second messengers in actin remodeling and to order the signaling events during plant immunity. We demonstrated that PHOSPHOLIPASE Dβ (PLDβ) isoforms are necessary to elicit actin accumulation in response to flg22-associated PTI. Further, bacterial growth experiments and MAMP-induced apoplastic ROS production measurements revealed that PLDβ-generated PA acts upstream of ROS signaling to trigger actin remodeling through inhibition of CAPPING PROTEIN (CP) activity. Collectively, our results provide compelling evidence that PLDβ/PA functions upstream of RBOHD-mediated ROS production to elicit actin rearrangements during the innate immune response in Arabidopsis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Function during Plant Immunity)

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Review

Jump to: Research

15 pages, 1272 KiB

Open AccessReview

Membrane Dynamics Regulated by Cytoskeleton in Plant Immunity

by Yuqing Lu, Yuan Zhang, Na Lian and Xiaojuan Li

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(7), 6059; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076059 - 23 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1819

Abstract

The plasma membrane (PM), which is composed of a lipid layer implanted with proteins, has diverse functions in plant responses to environmental triggers. The heterogenous dynamics of lipids and proteins in the plasma membrane play important roles in regulating cellular activities with an intricate pathway that orchestrates reception, signal transduction and appropriate response in the plant immune system. In the process of the plasma membrane participating in defense responses, the cytoskeletal elements have important functions in a variety of ways, including regulation of protein and lipid dynamics as well as vesicle trafficking. In this review, we summarized how the plasma membrane contributed to plant immunity and focused on the dynamic process of cytoskeleton regulation of endocytosis and exocytosis and propose future research directions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Function during Plant Immunity)

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20 pages, 1158 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Cytoskeleton in Plant Immunity: Dynamics, Regulation, and Function

by Jingyi Wang, Na Lian, Yue Zhang, Yi Man, Lulu Chen, Haobo Yang, Jinxing Lin and Yanping Jing

Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(24), 15553; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232415553 - 8 Dec 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3194

Abstract

The plant cytoskeleton, consisting of actin filaments and microtubules, is a highly dynamic filamentous framework involved in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Recently, research has demonstrated that the plant cytoskeleton undergoes rapid remodeling upon sensing pathogen attacks, coordinating the formation of microdomain immune complexes, the dynamic and turnover of pattern-recognizing receptors (PRRs), the movement and aggregation of organelles, and the transportation of defense compounds, thus serving as an important platform for responding to pathogen infections. Meanwhile, pathogens produce effectors targeting the cytoskeleton to achieve pathogenicity. Recent findings have uncovered several cytoskeleton-associated proteins mediating cytoskeletal remodeling and defense signaling. Furthermore, the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is revealed to further feedback-regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and trigger salicylic acid (SA) signaling, suggesting an extremely complex role of the cytoskeleton in plant immunity. Here, we describe recent advances in understanding the host cytoskeleton dynamics upon sensing pathogens and summarize the effectors that target the cytoskeleton. We highlight advances in the regulation of cytoskeletal remodeling associated with the defense response and assess the important function of the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton in the immune response. Finally, we propose suggestions for future research in this area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Function during Plant Immunity)

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