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Impact of Dyslipidemia and Metabolic Syndrome on Cardiac Dysfunction

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 3069

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
IIBB-CSIC, IIB-SantPau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: atherosclerosis; foam cells; lipids and lipoprotein receptors; cardiomyopathies; diabetes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Dyslipemia and metabolic syndrome are considered established risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The metabolic syndrome dyslipidemia is characterized by high levels of triglycerides and apolipoprotein (apo) B-100-rich particles of a particularly atherogenic phenotype (small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C)), and low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). One of the common phenotypic characteristics that define the impact of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome on the heart is the accumulation of lipids in the form of lipid droplets into the cardiomyocytes. There are different mechanisms involved in this pathophysiological mechanism, ranging from alterations in fatty acid uptake and oxidation caused by impaired insulin signaling, to alterations in the lipoprotein profile and lipoprotein receptors involved in lipid uptake. Signal pathways modulating autophagy, and in particular lipophagy, play an essential role in cardiac dysfunction associated with dyslipemia and metabolic syndrome. An intense debate exists about the pro- or anti-inflammatory role of lipid droplets under specific circumstances. What it is clear is that the modulation of lipid droplet formation and lipid droplet composition offers key therapeutic opportunities to preserve cardiac functionality. 

Dr. Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • lipid management
  • lipoprotein receptors
  • insulin resistance
  • lipophagy
  • fatty acids
  • lipid droplets
  • triglyceride
  • cholesteryl esters

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 1940 KiB  
Article
Activated Alpha-2 Macroglobulin Improves Insulin Response via LRP1 in Lipid-Loaded HL-1 Cardiomyocytes
by Virginia Actis Dato and Gustavo Alberto Chiabrando
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(13), 6915; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136915 - 28 Jun 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2593
Abstract
Activated alpha-2 Macroglobulin (α2M*) is specifically recognized by the cluster I/II of LRP1 (Low-density lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein-1). LRP1 is a scaffold protein for insulin receptor involved in the insulin-induced glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation to plasma membrane and glucose uptake [...] Read more.
Activated alpha-2 Macroglobulin (α2M*) is specifically recognized by the cluster I/II of LRP1 (Low-density lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein-1). LRP1 is a scaffold protein for insulin receptor involved in the insulin-induced glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation to plasma membrane and glucose uptake in different types of cells. Moreover, the cluster II of LRP1 plays a critical role in the internalization of atherogenic lipoproteins, such as aggregated Low-density Lipoproteins (aggLDL), promoting intracellular cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation mainly in arterial intima and myocardium. The aggLDL uptake by LRP1 impairs GLUT4 traffic and the insulin response in cardiomyocytes. However, the link between CE accumulation, insulin action, and cardiac dysfunction are largely unknown. Here, we found that α2M* increased GLUT4 expression on cell surface by Rab4, Rab8A, and Rab10-mediated recycling through PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK signaling activation. Moreover, α2M* enhanced the insulin response increasing insulin-induced glucose uptake rate in the myocardium under normal conditions. On the other hand, α2M* blocked the intracellular CE accumulation, improved the insulin response and reduced cardiac damage in HL-1 cardiomyocytes exposed to aggLDL. In conclusion, α2M* by its agonist action on LRP1, counteracts the deleterious effects of aggLDL in cardiomyocytes, which may have therapeutic implications in cardiovascular diseases associated with hypercholesterolemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Dyslipidemia and Metabolic Syndrome on Cardiac Dysfunction)
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