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Exosomes and Non-Coding RNA Research in Health and Disease—2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 January 2026 | Viewed by 97

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
Interests: biomarkers; Exosomes and Non-Coding RNA; prostate cancer; renal cancer; ovarian cancer; homologous recombination of DNA; PARP inhibitors; cervical cancer; carcinoma of unknown primary; colorectal cancer; cancer and autoimmune diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

This Special Issue on "Exosomes and Non-coding RNA Research in Health and Disease—2nd Edition" is the continuation of our previous Special Issues "Exosomes and Non-Coding RNA Research in Health and Disease". It explores the significant advancements in understanding the roles of exosomes and non-coding RNA in various physiological and pathological processes. This collection of research articles sheds light on the intricate interplay between exosomes and non-coding RNA and their impact on health and disease.

The studies featured in this Special Issue highlight the diverse functions of exosomes, including their involvement in intercellular communication, immune regulation, and disease progression. Additionally, the role of non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and circular RNA, in gene expression regulation and cellular processes is extensively discussed.

The research presented in this Special Issue covers a wide range of diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and immune-related disorders. It provides valuable insights into the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of exosomes and non-coding RNA in these diseases.

Overall, this Special Issue serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers and clinicians interested in the emerging field of exosomes and non-coding RNA. The findings presented here contribute to our understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying health and disease, paving the way for the development of novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies.

Dr. Stergios Boussios
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • exosomes
  • non-coding RNA
  • health
  • disease
  • intercellular communication
  • cancer
  • neurodegenerative disorders
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • immune regulation
  • therapeutic strategies

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

14 pages, 1063 KB  
Article
The Role of Hypoxia-Sensitive miRNA181a, miRNA199a, SIRT1, and Adiponectin in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Development in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients
by Filip Franciszek Karuga, Piotr Kaczmarski, Marcin Sochal, Bartosz Szmyd, Greta Veronika Urbonaitė, Szymon Turkiewicz, Piotr Białasiewicz and Agata Gabryelska
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9699; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199699 (registering DOI) - 5 Oct 2025
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic respiratory disorder characterized by intermittent hypoxia and is strongly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Despite this link, the molecular mechanisms underlying OSA-related metabolic dysregulation remain incompletely understood. The aim of the [...] Read more.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic respiratory disorder characterized by intermittent hypoxia and is strongly associated with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Despite this link, the molecular mechanisms underlying OSA-related metabolic dysregulation remain incompletely understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of hypoxia-sensitive microRNAs, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and adiponectin in the metabolic profile of OSA patients, with and without T2DM. A total of 87 participants were stratified into three groups: OSA, OSA + T2DM, and healthy controls. Blood samples were collected in the evening and morning, and after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. Expression levels of miRNAs and SIRT1 were measured via RT-qPCR; adiponectin was quantified by ELISA. Significantly reduced expression of miRNA-181a and miRNA-199a was observed in the OSA + T2DM group compared to OSA (p = 0.035 and p = 0.042, respectively). In contrast, SIRT1 expression was highest in the OSA + T2DM group (p < 0.01), while adiponectin concentrations was lowest in this group and the highest among healthy controls (p = 0.001). Despite increased SIRT1 in OSA + T2DM patients, the parallel increase in adiponectin was not observed. Additionally, expression of SIRT1 was significantly increased in OSA patients who were taking metformin (n = 23) vs. patients without metformin (n = 32) 77.315 vs. 437.08 (p = 0.037). CPAP therapy had significant influence only on miRNA-181a—expression was increased after long-term treatment (p = 0.047). Increased miRNA-181a expression in patients with OSA is related to decreased SIRT1 expression, which may lead to T2DM development. Surprisingly, the expression of SIRT1 is significantly higher and expression of hypoxia-sensitive miRNAs is significantly lower in patients with already developed T2DM, which might be explained by metformin intake. Full article
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