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Eukaryotic DNA Replication—from Bench to Bedside

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Genetics and Genomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 August 2025) | Viewed by 392

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Guest Editor
Centre for Chromosome Biology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland
Interests: cell cycle control; DNA replication; genome stability; posttranslational modifications; replication fork proteins; initiation reaction; Okazaki fragment synthesis; protein‒protein and protein‒DNA interactions; enzyme mechanisms; DNA polymerases; DNA primase; ssDNA-binding proteins
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Genome instability is a hallmark of cancer and central in the development of cancerous cells from normal cells. DNA replication is one of the most important cellular processes to avoid genome instability. In recent years, tremendous advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of DNA replication have been achieved in eukaryotes from yeast to humans, allowing deeper insights into the way cells divide. The understanding of DNA replication at the molecular level using biochemical and structural biological methods as well as at the cellular and organismal level using high-resolution microscopy and high-throughput technologies has provided us with answers to many central questions regarding DNA replication, including how eukaryotic genomes are accurately replicated and how genome duplication is controlled by origin activation and firing in space and time. These findings and future DNA replication studies will yield novel insights into the development of human diseases, including cancer, which will allow the development of new ideas and tools for the treatment of these diseases.

This Special Issue, “Eukaryotic DNA Replication—From Bench to Bedside”, aims to collect high-quality research articles, review articles, and communications in the field of human DNA replication from all areas of biomedical research, including cell, molecular, and structural biology. These articles will advance our understanding of this essential cellular process. They will display the current state of the art and pave the way to future, novel medical therapies to prevent cancer and other genetic diseases.

Prof. Dr. Heinz-Peter Nasheuer
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • genome stability
  • cell cycle
  • DNA replication
  • chromatin replication
  • replication origins—selection, licensing and firing
  • replication forks—smoothly progressing and under stress
  • role of DNA replication in cancer and other human diseases
  • disease treatment opportunities

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

32 pages, 1092 KB  
Review
Mitochondrial DNA Replication and Disease: A Historical Perspective on Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Advances
by Shruti Somai, Chioma H. Aloh, Dillon E. King and William C. Copeland
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(21), 10275; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms262110275 - 22 Oct 2025
Viewed by 153
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital for cellular energy production, as these organelles generate most of the cellular energy required for various metabolic processes. Mitochondria contain their own circular DNA, which is present in multiple copies and is exclusively maternally inherited. Cellular energy in the form [...] Read more.
Mitochondria are vital for cellular energy production, as these organelles generate most of the cellular energy required for various metabolic processes. Mitochondria contain their own circular DNA, which is present in multiple copies and is exclusively maternally inherited. Cellular energy in the form of adenosine 5′-triphosphate is produced via oxidative phosphorylation and involves the coordinated expression of genes encoded by both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. Mitochondrial DNA itself is replicated by a dedicated set of nuclear-encoded proteins composed of the DNA polymerase gamma, the Twinkle helicase, the mitochondrial single-stranded DNA binding protein, as well as several accessory factors. Mutations in these genes, as well as in the genes involved in nucleotide metabolism, are associated with a spectrum of mitochondrial disorders that can affect individuals from infancy to old age. Additionally, mitochondrial disease can arise as a result of point mutations, deletions, or depletion in the mitochondrial DNA or in genes involved in mitochondrial transcription, replication, maintenance, and repair. Although a cure for mitochondrial diseases is currently elusive, several treatment options have been explored. In this review, we explore the molecular insights of the core mitochondrial replisome proteins that have aided our understanding of mitochondrial diseases and influenced current therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eukaryotic DNA Replication—from Bench to Bedside)
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