ijms-logo

Journal Browser

Journal Browser

The Impact of the Immune System on the Tumor Microenvironment: Relevance to Glioma Development

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 1349

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Interests: immune; tumor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors with a peak incidence in children and those aged 50 to 60 years. Brain tumors are characterized by high morbidity and mortality owing to their localization and often locally invasive growth, making current therapies only a temporary and limited solution. The tumor microenvironment is composed of immune cells, tumor cells, and surrounding stromal cells. The interaction between different cell types through cell-to-cell contact and soluble factors acts in autocrine and paracrine ways to modulate tumor growth. Although immune cells attempt to counteract tumor development, somatic mutations and epigenetic modifications of gliomas lead to the inhibition of local immune responses and even exploit immune cells and products to favor tumor growth. This microenvironment induces the suppression of NK cell activity, T-cell activation and proliferation, a shift of tumor-associated macrophages towards an M2 (immunosuppressive) phenotype, and the inhibition of dendritic cell maturation and function. This Special Issue will focus on original papers covering topics related to "Immune Microenvironment in Glioma" that present advances in those fields.

Dr. Gabriela Verónica Salamone
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

gliomas
tumor microenvironment
immune

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

25 pages, 23264 KB  
Article
Influence of the Cholinergic System on the Pathogenesis of Glioblastoma: Impact of the Neutrophil Granulocytes
by Alejandra Infante Cruz, Paula María Saibene Vélez, Cynthia Arasanz, Micaela Rosato, Federico Remes Lenicov, Juan Iturrizaga, Martín Abelleyro, Marianela Candolfi, Eleonora Regueira, Gladys Hermida, Mónica Vermeulen, Silvia Berner, Francisco José Barrantes, Silvia de la Vega, Carolina Jancic, Marcela Solange Villaverde and Gabriela Verónica Salamone
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(1), 321; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27010321 - 27 Dec 2025
Viewed by 1045
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Since numerous studies highlight the significance of cholinergic system components in tumor development, acetylcholine (ACh) and the differential activation of its receptors could play a crucial role in GBM progression. The [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Since numerous studies highlight the significance of cholinergic system components in tumor development, acetylcholine (ACh) and the differential activation of its receptors could play a crucial role in GBM progression. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis by assessing the relevance of the cholinergic system in GBM cells and their microenvironment. We analyzed bulk RNA-seq expression data using the TIMER2.0 web server, focusing on the impact of patient survival in relation to muscarinic receptors (CHRM) and neutrophil infiltration in low-grade glioma (LGG) and GBM. Our analysis revealed a marked decrease in survival associated with all CHRMs, particularly in LGG. Moreover, GBM showed higher neutrophil infiltration and reduced survival, especially in relation to CHRM3. These findings were validated in the U251 cell line and in human GBM tumor biopsies (GBM-b), which also displayed CHRM3 expression. Additionally, we show that GBM cells exposed to cholinergic stimulation exhibited increased vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IL-8 production, and PD-L1 expression, while the VEGF increase was blocked by tiotropium (Tio), a CHRM3 antagonist. Similarly, polymorphonuclear cells from GBM patients (PMN-p) displayed increased PD-L1 expression and IL-8 production upon cholinergic stimulation. Finally, as we previously reported on the relevance of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in GBM pathophysiology, here, we found that TSLP upregulated CHRM3 expression. Our findings highlight the importance of the cholinergic system in the tumor microenvironment, where it may act directly on tumor cells or influence neutrophil physiology, thereby modulating tumor progression. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop