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Latest Molecular Advances in Prostate Cancer
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Latest Molecular Advances in Prostate Cancer

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2026 | Viewed by 2319

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Rejane Maira Góes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Biologia, IBILCE-UNESP, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, São Paulo, Brazil
Interests: prostate; biology of reproduction; metabolic disturbances; endocrine disruptors; leydig cell; spermatogenesis; experimental carcinogenesis; cell proliferations; apoptosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease that can exhibit indolent or aggressive behavior and that represents a complex global health burden. While tumors that are responsive to therapy that target androgen receptors have good outcomes, they can evolve to reach an androgen-independent state, also known as being castration-resistant. In this case, there are few therapeutic strategies, and the molecular changes that occur along with disease progression have not yet been fully elucidated. For decades, researchers have worked to increase our understanding of known mechanisms, find new molecular targets, and propose innovative therapies to change this scenario, but prostate cancer remains among the leading cause of death worldwide.

For this Special Issue, we invite submissions that address long-lasting questions in this field, open up new therapeutic possibilities, and shed light on new molecular mechanisms. We encourage submissions on topics such as inflammation and immunotherapy, metabolic reprogramming, androgen signaling, chemoprotection, metastasis mechanisms, and the impact of diet and xenobiotics on disease progression and initiation. Therefore, we welcome perspectives, reviews, and full-length articles to fill in relevant gaps in the literature on prostate cancer mechanisms and possible therapeutic targets. However, since IJMS is a journal of molecular science, pure clinical studies will not be accepted.

This Special Issue will be supervised by Dr. Rejane Maira Góes and assisted by Dr. Guilherme Henrique Tamarindo. Dr. Rejane Góes is a Full Professor at the Department of Biological Sciences of Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences at São Paulo State University (IBILCE/UNESP). She holds a Ph.D. in Cellular and Molecular Biology from University of São Paulo (USP). Her research focuses on cellular and physiological changes in the male reproductive system under metabolic disorders, hormonal imbalances, aging, and carcinogen exposure. Dr. Guilherme Tamarindo is a Researcher at the Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) at the Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM). He holds a Ph.D. in Structural and Cellular Biology from the State University of Campinas (UNICAMP). His research interests include metabolic reprogramming in cancer, lipid biology, and the association of immune cells with cancer progression.

Dr. Rejane Maira Góes
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prostate cancer
  • androgen signaling
  • metabolic reprogramming
  • tumor microenvironment
  • inflammation
  • immunotherapy
  • chemoprotection
  • phytotherapy

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

35 pages, 7731 KB  
Article
Prostate Cancer: Dissecting Novel Immunosuppressive Mechanisms Through Context-Specific Transcriptomic Programs and MDSC Cells
by Pedro Reyes Martinez, Erick Sierra Diaz, Fabiola Solorzano Ibarra, Jorge Raul Vazquez Urrutia, José de Jesús Guerrero García, Martha Cecilia Téllez Bañuelos, Julio Enrique Castañeda Delgado, Karina Sanchez Reyes and Pablo Cesar Ortiz Lazareno
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(3), 1511; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031511 - 3 Feb 2026
Viewed by 960
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains largely refractory to immunotherapy, implying the existence of context-specific immune landscape programs that diverge between circulation and tumor. Here, we integrate bulk RNA sequencing from three cohorts (patient peripheral mononuclear cells, primary prostate tissue, and biochemical-recurrence tumors) with multiparameter flow [...] Read more.
Prostate cancer remains largely refractory to immunotherapy, implying the existence of context-specific immune landscape programs that diverge between circulation and tumor. Here, we integrate bulk RNA sequencing from three cohorts (patient peripheral mononuclear cells, primary prostate tissue, and biochemical-recurrence tumors) with multiparameter flow cytometry, unsupervised UMAP/T-REX (Tracking Responders Expanding) mapping, and de novo discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) to characterize context-specific immunoregulation. Patient PBMCs revealed a coherent IL-1/TNF/IL-17 inflammatory architecture with strong chemotactic programs and an unexpected neutrophil-like signal despite density-gradient isolation, consistent with low-density PMN-MDSCs. In contrast, tumors broadly repressed chemokines and innate immune mediators, yet upregulated prostate cancer-associated lncRNAs, indicating local immune quiescence coupled with non-coding regulatory programs. Recurrent tumors acquired epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metabolic remodeling, accompanied by relapse-associated lncRNA signatures, whereas long-term nonrecurrent tumors preserved epithelial and stress-response networks. High-dimensional cytometry confirmed discrete, cancer-enriched myeloid clusters expressing CD47, SIRPα, PD-L1, CD73, and Galectin-9. Network analysis highlighted inflammatory hubs (CXCL2, PTGS2) in PBMCs and loss of mechanotransduction modules in tumors. Structural modeling uncovered a three-way junction and 3′ triple helix in lncRNA. Collectively, these data suggest that circulating inflammatory rewiring is associated with checkpoint-rich suppressor expansion and tumor immune quiescence, outlining integrated myeloid- and RNA-directed strategies for cancer research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Molecular Advances in Prostate Cancer)
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13 pages, 1783 KB  
Article
Machine-Learning–Based Prediction of Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer Integrating Fatty-Acid Metabolism and Stemness
by Zao Dai, Ningrui Wang, Mengyao Liu, Zhenguo Wang and Guanyun Wei
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 750; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020750 - 12 Jan 2026
Viewed by 756
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy among men worldwide. After radical prostatectomy (RP) and radical radiotherapy (RT), patients may experience biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer, indicating disease progression. Therefore, it is meaningful to predict and accurately assess the risk of BCR, [...] Read more.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy among men worldwide. After radical prostatectomy (RP) and radical radiotherapy (RT), patients may experience biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer, indicating disease progression. Therefore, it is meaningful to predict and accurately assess the risk of BCR, and a machine-learning-based-model for BCR prediction in PCa based on fatty-acid metabolism and cancer-cell stemness was developed. A stemness prediction model and ssGSEA (single-sample gene set enrichment analysis) empirical cumulative distribution function algorithm were used to score the stemness scoring (mRNAsi) and fatty-acid metabolism of prostate-cancer samples, respectively, and further analysis showed that the two scores of the samples were positively correlated. Based on WGCNA (weighted correlation network analysis), we discovered modules significantly associated with both stemness and fatty-acid metabolism and obtained the genes within them. Then, based on this gene set, 101 algorithm combinations of 10 machine-learning methods were used for training and prediction BCR of PCa, and the model with the best prediction effect was named fat_stemness_BCR. Compared with 23 published PCa BCR models, the fat_stemness_BCR model performs better in TCGA and CPGEA data. To facilitate the use of the model, the trained model was encapsulated into an R package and an online service tool (PCaMLmodel, Version 1.0) was built. The newly developed fat_stemness_SCR model enriches the prognostic research of biochemical recurrence in PCa and provides a new reference for the study of other diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Latest Molecular Advances in Prostate Cancer)
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