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Cellular, Immune and Molecular Pathways of Injury and Disease in Forensic and Legal Medicine

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 1681

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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, the integration of molecular sciences into forensic and legal medicine has significantly increased our ability to investigate and understand mechanisms of injury and disease, especially in unexplained or violent manners of death. This Special Issue aims to provide a platform to explore the cellular, immune and molecular pathways that are relevant in this area of study, with an emphasis on elucidating the biological mechanisms and conditions that are often central to medico-legal investigations. We will pose a special emphasis on molecular autopsy techniques used in sudden and unexplained deaths, especially in children and young adults. Contributions are also encouraged in the area of molecular profiling of fatal injuries, including trauma asphyxia, thermal injuries, drowning, electrocution, but also on biomarkers of inflammation, ischemia, hypoxia or oxidative stress, all potential aids in establishing the cause and time of death.

We encourage interdisciplinary submissions, which combine techniques from forensic medicine, molecular biology, biochemistry, toxicology, genetics, immunology and other related fields.

Prof. Dr. Sorin Hostiuc
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • molecular autopsy
  • cellular injury pathways
  • ischemia and hypoxia markers
  • molecular profiling of fatal injuries
  • forensic genetics and toxicogenomic

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

33 pages, 2006 KB  
Review
The Dynamics of Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury: Molecular Markers Useful for Establishing the Post-Traumatic Interval in Forensic Practice
by Sorin Hostiuc and Mugurel-Constantin Rusu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(4), 2049; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27042049 - 22 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1290
Abstract
In forensic pathology, accurately estimating the time since injury is essential. Current histological and imaging approaches commonly miss subtle temporal changes, especially in deaths occurring within hours of injury. This review discusses the timing of neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury and emphasizes possible [...] Read more.
In forensic pathology, accurately estimating the time since injury is essential. Current histological and imaging approaches commonly miss subtle temporal changes, especially in deaths occurring within hours of injury. This review discusses the timing of neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury and emphasizes possible markers for estimating the time of injury in forensic cases. Promising markers include microglial activation (allograft inflammatory factor 1 and transmembrane protein 119, detectable within 10 min to 2 h), β-amyloid precursor protein accumulation (20–35 min), high-mobility group box 1 translocation (2–6 h), cytokine fluctuations (IL-1β and TNF-α peak between 4 and 24 h, IL-6 shows delayed, extended elevation), sequential leukocyte infiltration (neutrophils from 2 to 48 h, lymphocytes after 3–5 days), blood–brain barrier breakdown markers such as fibrinogen and IgG leakage, loss of tight junction proteins (2–3 h), matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity (peaking at 24–48 h), and reactive astrocytosis with increased glial fibrillary acidic protein levels (from 12 to 24 h onward). The association between injury severity and inflammation is influenced by factors such as age, genetics (e.g., APOE ε4), coexisting conditions, and preexisting inflammation, which reduce the reliability of individual markers. A multiparametric approach may offer the best prospects to improve the accuracy of post-traumatic and post-mortem interval assessment in medicolegal cases. Full article
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