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Application and Molecular Mechanisms of Microwaves for Materials Processing

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2026 | Viewed by 702

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Ilfov, Romania
Interests: laser-matter interaction; transparent and conductive oxides for solar cells; displays and transparent electronics; hard and protective coatings; high k dielectrics; bioactive coatings; high emissivity optical coatings for outer space applications; coatings for nuclear applications/radiation effects in materials; nanoparticles synthesis by laser techniques and applications; structural characterization of thin films and electronic materials; radiation induced effects in thin films

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The main aim of the Special Issue "Application and Molecular Mechanisms of Microwaves for Materials Processing" is to promote new theoretical, experimental, and computational research as well as new designs and developments of devices used to process, characterize, or develop new materials using a microwave field.

The main topics of this Special Issue are:

  • using microwaves for molecular material synthesis;
  • microwave-induced effects on the molecular structure of materials;
  • microwave-related physical chemistry and chemical physics;
  • characteristics of plasmas created by microwave radiation;
  • processing, characterization, or synthesis of materials using a microwave field.

This Special Issue also focuses on employing advanced nanomaterials characterization techniques such as terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) or other microwave characterization techniques, IR-VIS-UV optical emission spectroscopy (OES), photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), FT-IR or Raman spectroscopy, TEM, SEM, XRD, and XPS to understand the interaction between microwaves and matter.

Guiding this exploration are Professor Valentin Craciun (National Institute for Laser, Plasma, and Radiation Physics) and Dr. Marian Mogildea and Dr. George Mogildea (Institute of Space Science, National Institute for Laser, Plasma, and Radiation Physics), whose expertise is crucial in this Special Issue.

Dr. Valentin Craciun
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • microwaves
  • non-ionizing radiation
  • molecular materials characterizations
  • molecular materials synthesis
  • microwave processing and engineering

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 3596 KB  
Article
Direct High-Power Microwave Interaction with a Zinc Wire: A Novel Route to Crystalline ZnO Nanopowders Synthesis
by George Mogildea, Marian Mogildea, Sorin I. Zgura, Natalia Mihailescu, Doina Craciun, Valentin Craciun, Oana Brincoveanu, Alexandra Mocanu, Vasilica Tucureanu, Cosmin Romanitan, Alexandru Paraschiv, Bogdan S. Vasile and Catalin-Daniel Constantinescu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(18), 8981; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26188981 - 15 Sep 2025
Viewed by 399
Abstract
We present a novel approach for the synthesis of crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanopowders based on the direct interaction of high-power microwave radiation with a zinc wire in atmospheric air. The process utilizes a localized microwave-induced plasma to rapidly vaporize the metal, followed [...] Read more.
We present a novel approach for the synthesis of crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) nanopowders based on the direct interaction of high-power microwave radiation with a zinc wire in atmospheric air. The process utilizes a localized microwave-induced plasma to rapidly vaporize the metal, followed by oxidation and condensation, resulting in the deposition of ZnO nanostructures on glass substrates. Plasma diagnostics confirmed the generation of a plasma in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), characterized by high electron temperatures. Optical emission spectroscopy highlighted atomic species such as ZnI, ZnII, OI, OII, and NI, as well as molecular species including OH, N2 and O2. The spectral fingerprint of N2 molecules reveals the presence of high energy electrons, while the persistent occurrence of OI and OII emission lines throughout the plasma spectrum reveals that ZnO formation is mainly driven by the continuous dissociation of molecular oxygen. High crystallinity and chemical purity of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were confirmed through SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, and EDX characterization. The resulting nanorods exhibit a rod-like morphology, with diameters ranging from 12 nm to 63 nm and lengths between 58 nm and 354 nm. This low-cost, high-yield method offers a scalable and efficient route for metal oxide nanomaterial fabrication via direct metal–microwave coupling, providing a promising alternative to conventional physical and chemical synthesis techniques. Full article
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