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Metabolic and Neurodegenerative Disorders: The Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2025) | Viewed by 12864

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
Interests: immunogenetics; ischemic stroke; vascular dementia; aging; microRNAs; diabetes; Alzheimer’s disease

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent decades, the human life span has risen significantly, and the proportion of the aging population is constantly growing, presenting significant health and economic challenges. The risk of certain disorders, such as those related to neurodegeneration, stroke, obesity, and diabetes, is invariably increased by aging. In this Special Issue, the focus will be on molecular and cellular mechanisms of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders, particularly diabetes, obesity, Alzheimer's diseases, stroke, vascular dementia, and Huntington’s disease. These diseases are characterized by gradual degeneration, by relatively unexplained pathogenic mechanisms, particularly neuronal circuits, and are devoid of valid therapeutic approaches. Precise awareness of the particular cell and molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic disorders and neurodegeneration is a priority for the scientific community in this scenario. This Special Issue aims to provide an overview of the main signaling pathways and molecules involved in the process of aging, highlighting their intimate connection with the onset of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders.

This Special Issue highlights global research initiatives to examine causes, recognize biomarkers of diseases, and strategies/therapies that can alleviate the effects of diseases and reduce the social and economic effects of metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Original research and review papers on topics, including, but not limited to, the involvement and contribution of oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetes and obesity, new mechanisms involving neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders, gut–brain interaction, and non-coding RNAs in metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders, are requested for this Special Issue. In addition, we hope to attract research aimed at identifying disease biomarkers for early diagnosis and innovative therapeutic methods or techniques to avoid the development of neurological disorders.

In short, the Special Issue welcomes high-quality studies that apply to cell and animal models. 

Dr. Murali Vijayan
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diabetes
  • aging
  • oxidative stress
  • metabolism
  • neurodegeneration
  • mitochondrial dysfunction
  • stroke
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • RNA biology
  • bioinformatics
  • neuroinflammation
  • oxidative stress
  • microRNAs
  • lncRNAs

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

32 pages, 1676 KiB  
Review
Serotonergic Regulation in Alzheimer’s Disease
by Lyudmila P. Dolgacheva, Valery P. Zinchenko, Alexander D. Nadeev and Nikolay V. Goncharov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(11), 5218; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26115218 - 29 May 2025
Viewed by 484
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that also plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tone and angiogenesis. This review focuses on the involvement of the 5-HT system in pathological processes leading to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There is evidence [...] Read more.
Serotonin (5-HT) is a neurotransmitter that also plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tone and angiogenesis. This review focuses on the involvement of the 5-HT system in pathological processes leading to the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). There is evidence that damage or dysfunction of the 5-HT system contributes to the development of AD, and different subtypes of 5-HT receptors are a potential target for the treatment of AD. A link has been established between AD, depression, stress, and 5-HT deficiency in the brain. There are new data on the role of circadian rhythms in modulating stress, depression, and the 5-HT system; amyloid β (Aβ) plaque clearance; and AD progression. Circadian disruption inhibits Aβ plaque clearance and modulates AD progression. The properties and functions of 5-HT, its receptors, and serotonergic neurons are presented. Special attention is paid to the central role of 5-HT in brain development, including neurite outgrowth, regulation of somatic morphology, motility, synaptogenesis, control of dendritic spine shape and density, neuronal plasticity determining its role in network regeneration, and changes in innervation after brain damage. The results of different studies indicate that the interaction of amyloid β oligomers (AβO) with mitochondria is a sufficient trigger for AD-related neurodegeneration. The action of 5-HT leads to an improvement in mitochondrial quality and the restoration of brain areas after traumatic brain injury, chronic stress, or developmental disorders in AD. The role of a healthy lifestyle and drugs acting on serotonin receptors in the prevention and treatment of AD is discussed. Full article
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26 pages, 1660 KiB  
Review
The Role of microRNAs in Epigenetic Regulation of Signaling Pathways in Neurological Pathologies
by Pavel P. Tregub, Irada Ibrahimli, Anton S. Averchuk, Alla B. Salmina, Peter F. Litvitskiy, Zaripat Sh. Manasova and Inga A. Popova
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(16), 12899; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612899 - 17 Aug 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3822
Abstract
In recent times, there has been a significant increase in researchers’ interest in the functions of microRNAs and the role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of many multifactorial diseases. This is related to the diagnostic and prognostic potential of microRNA expression levels [...] Read more.
In recent times, there has been a significant increase in researchers’ interest in the functions of microRNAs and the role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of many multifactorial diseases. This is related to the diagnostic and prognostic potential of microRNA expression levels as well as the prospects of using it in personalized targeted therapy. This review of the literature analyzes existing scientific data on the involvement of microRNAs in the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the development of pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury, and dysfunction of the blood–brain barrier. Full article
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22 pages, 3250 KiB  
Review
Systemic Metabolism and Mitochondria in the Mechanism of Alzheimer’s Disease: Finding Potential Therapeutic Targets
by Meiying Song and Xiang Fan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(9), 8398; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24098398 - 7 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 7680
Abstract
Elderly people over the age of 65 are those most likely to experience Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and aging and AD are associated with apparent metabolic alterations. Currently, there is no curative medication against AD and only several drugs have been approved by the [...] Read more.
Elderly people over the age of 65 are those most likely to experience Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and aging and AD are associated with apparent metabolic alterations. Currently, there is no curative medication against AD and only several drugs have been approved by the FDA, but these drugs can only improve the symptoms of AD. Many preclinical and clinical trials have explored the impact of adjusting the whole-body and intracellular metabolism on the pathogenesis of AD. The most recent evidence suggests that mitochondria initiate an integrated stress response to environmental stress, which is beneficial for healthy aging and neuroprotection. There is also an increasing awareness of the differential risk and potential targeting strategies related to the metabolic level and microbiome. As the main participants in intracellular metabolism, mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitochondrial quality-control mechanisms, and mitochondria-linked inflammatory responses have been regarded as potential therapeutic targets for AD. This review summarizes and highlights these advances. Full article
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