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The Role of Endocrine Disruptors in Immune Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2025 | Viewed by 115

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
Interests: reproductive toxicology; endocrine disruptors; animal anlternative tests; guidelines of toxicology; calcium metabolism; steroid receptors; stem cells in pharmacological and toxicological test
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that interfere with the endocrine system, potentially leading to a range of adverse health effects. While reproductive and developmental toxicity have long been central topics in EDC research, recent studies increasingly highlight the immunomodulatory properties of EDCs. These chemicals may affect immune function by altering cytokine production, disrupting immune cell differentiation, or inducing chronic inflammation, thus contributing to autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivity, or immune suppression.

This Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how EDCs influence immune-related diseases, encompassing both mechanistic studies and epidemiological evidence. Submissions that explore the pathways through which EDCs modulate immune responses—such as via nuclear receptors, oxidative stress, or epigenetic modifications—are particularly welcome. In vitro and in vivo models, human biomonitoring data, and systems biology approaches are all encouraged. Ultimately, this Issue seeks to expand our understanding of the intersection between endocrine disruption and immune dysregulation, and to support the development of regulatory strategies for EDC management.

Prof. Dr. Eui-Bae Jeung
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • endocrine disruptors
  • immune disease
  • cytokine signaling
  • autoimmunity
  • immunotoxicity
  • epigenetic modulation
  • hormone receptors
  • inflammation
  • environmental toxicology
  • EDC exposure

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

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Review
Tetramethyl Bisphenol F: Organ- and System-Specific Toxicity, Current Status, and Perspectives
by Inho Hwang, Xiang-Shun Cui and Eui-Bae Jeung
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(19), 9280; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26199280 (registering DOI) - 23 Sep 2025
Abstract
Tetramethyl bisphenol F (TMBPF) is being increasingly used as a Bisphenol A (BPA) substitute, particularly as a coating material for food and beverage cans. Unlike BPA, TMBPF is considered safe because of the lack of reported estrogenic effects, and it is often marketed [...] Read more.
Tetramethyl bisphenol F (TMBPF) is being increasingly used as a Bisphenol A (BPA) substitute, particularly as a coating material for food and beverage cans. Unlike BPA, TMBPF is considered safe because of the lack of reported estrogenic effects, and it is often marketed under the “BPA-free” label. Initial cell-based assays and rat toxicity studies indicated much lower systemic and sex hormone-related toxicity of TMBPF compared with BPA, which has facilitated its substitution and significant market expansion. Since 2021, however, a growing body of research has reported various adverse effects of TMBPF across multiple biological systems. These include cytotoxicity associated with apoptosis and endocrine-disrupting effects on the thyroid axis, skeletal system, neurodevelopment, and reproductive function. Although the effects on the estrogen and androgen systems, as well as obesogenic potential, show variability across studies, several studies have indicated significant biological impacts. Of particular concern is the potential neurodevelopmental toxicity, which may manifest only after long-term exposure and is often irreversible. Even if current leaching levels from food contact materials are minimal, environmental accumulation and biomagnification over time may pose significant risks. Therefore, comprehensive toxicological profiling of TMBPF is essential. This review summarizes the current toxicological findings on TMBPF and discusses the implications for future research and regulatory considerations, highlighting the importance of early attention to potential public health impacts. Strengthening the toxicological evidence base will help inform regulatory frameworks and support proactive measures to safeguard consumer safety as the use of TMBPF expands. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Endocrine Disruptors in Immune Diseases)
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