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Cardiac Repair and Regeneration: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Perspectives

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Division of Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
2. Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, 43183 Mölndal, Sweden
Interests: cardiomyocyte biology; cell cycle; cytokinesis; centrosome; microtubules; cardiomyocyte polyploidization; cardiomyocyte proliferation; pluripotent stem cell

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Guest Editor
Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
Interests: cardiomyocyte; cardiac muscle cell; regeneration; proliferation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The primary cause of decreased heart structure and function is often an incident resulting in the loss of cardiomyocytes, triggering compensatory hypertrophy, myocardial wall dilatation, increased tension, secondary cardiomyocyte death, and, ultimately, heart failure. Unlike newborn mice, newts, and zebrafish, humans lack the capacity for cardiac repair and regeneration due to terminal differentiation and post-mitotic programming in cardiomyocytes. Extensive efforts have thus focused on reversing cardiac damage to promote heart regeneration. This Special Issue highlights pathogenesis and cutting-edge therapeutic approaches, including the induction of pre-existing cardiomyocyte proliferation, stem-cell-based cardiac repair, the immune system's role in cardiac regeneration, the impact of micro and long noncoding RNAs, and the influence of the extracellular matrix and metabolism. By shedding light on these areas, this Special Issue aims to advance our understanding on these diseases and their therapeutic strategies.

Dr. Marina Leone
Dr. Olaf Bergmann
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • heart regeneration
  • cardiomyocyte proliferation
  • cell cycle
  • ischemic heart disease
  • myocardial infarction
  • stem cells
  • cardiac repair
  • polyploidization
  • tissue engineering
  • immune cells
  • metabolism
  • cell death
 

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

27 pages, 1334 KB  
Review
Insights into Cardiomyocyte Regeneration from Screening and Transcriptomics Approaches
by Daniela T. Fuller, Aaron H. Wasserman and Ruya Liu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(2), 601; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27020601 - 7 Jan 2026
Viewed by 1345
Abstract
Human adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) have limited regenerative capacity, posing a significant challenge in restoring cardiac function following substantial CM loss due to an acute ischemic event or chronic hemodynamic overload. Nearly half of patients show no improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction during [...] Read more.
Human adult cardiomyocytes (CMs) have limited regenerative capacity, posing a significant challenge in restoring cardiac function following substantial CM loss due to an acute ischemic event or chronic hemodynamic overload. Nearly half of patients show no improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction during recovery from acute myocardial infarction. At baseline, both humans and mice exhibit low but continuous cell turnover originating from the existing CMs. Moreover, myocardial infarction can induce endogenous CM cell cycling. Consequently, research has focused on identifying drivers of CM rejuvenation and proliferation from pre-existing CMs. High-throughput screening has facilitated the discovery of novel pro-proliferative targets through small molecules, microRNAs, and pathway-specific interventions. More recently, omics-based approaches such as single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics have expanded our understanding of cardiac cellular heterogeneity. The big-data strategies provide critical insights into why only a subset of CMs re-enter the cell cycle while most remain quiescent. In this review, we compare several high-throughput screening strategies used to identify novel targets for CM proliferation. We also summarize the benefits and limitations of various screening models—including zebrafish embryos, rodent CMs, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), and cardiac organoids—underscoring the importance of integrating multiple systems to uncover new regenerative mechanisms. Further work is needed to identify translatable and safe targets capable of inducing functional CM expansion in clinical settings. By integrating high-throughput screening findings with insights into CM heterogeneity, this review provides a comprehensive framework for advancing cardiac regeneration research and guiding future therapeutic development. Full article
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