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Genetic Testing and Tailored Treatment for Thyroid Disorders: Molecular Basis and New Trends

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2025) | Viewed by 1336

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Department of Surgery, Konkuk University Medical Centre, Konkuk University School of Medicine, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-729, Republic of Korea
Interests: minimal invasive and robotic surgery in breast and endocrine disease; precision medicine and genomic research in surgical oncology
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Thyroid diseases are a group of common endocrine disorders with diverse clinical presentations and significant health consequences. Recent advances in genetic research have unveiled the complex genetic architecture of thyroid diseases, offering new insights into disease pathogenesis and opening new avenues for personalized medicine. This Special Issue focuses on the latest developments in the genetic basis and emerging therapeutic approaches for thyroid diseases.

Key topics:

  1. Genetic epidemiology: in-depth analysis of genetic variants and risk factors associated with various thyroid diseases, including thyroid cancer, Graves’ disease, hypothyroidism, and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis;
  2. Functional genomics: elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying thyroid disease-associated genetic variants, including their impact on gene expression, protein function, and cellular signaling pathways;
  3. Personalized medicine: development and implementation of individualized treatment strategies based on genetic information, including targeted therapies, gene therapy, and precision medicine;
  4. Novel therapeutic targets: identification and validation of novel therapeutic targets for thyroid diseases, with a focus on druggable genes and pathways.

This Special Issue seeks to offer a thorough understanding of the current state of knowledge in the field of thyroid disease genetics and encourage additional research in this rapidly advancing field. The effective integration of genetic knowledge with clinical practice has the potential to enhance the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of thyroid disorders, thereby resulting in improved patient outcomes. Since IJMS is a journal of molecular science, pure clinical studies or sociological research will not be suitable for our journal. However, clinical submissions with biomolecular experiments are welcomed.

Dr. Kyoung Sik Park
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • thyroid diseases
  • genetics
  • personalized medicine
  • novel therapies

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 7126 KB  
Article
Predicting Pathogenicity of TSHR Missense Variants of Uncertain Significance: An Integrative Computational Study
by Tassneem Awad Hajali, Islamia Ibrahim Ahmed Omer, Mohamad Y. Rezk and Hamdan Z. Hamdan
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2026, 27(3), 1614; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms27031614 - 6 Feb 2026
Viewed by 638
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor gene (TSHR) contribute to a wide spectrum of thyroid dysfunctions, ranging from congenital hypothyroidism to thyrotropin resistance. With the advancement of bioinformatics algorithms for variant effect prediction, assessing the pathogenic potential of variants has [...] Read more.
Pathogenic variants in the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor gene (TSHR) contribute to a wide spectrum of thyroid dysfunctions, ranging from congenital hypothyroidism to thyrotropin resistance. With the advancement of bioinformatics algorithms for variant effect prediction, assessing the pathogenic potential of variants has become increasingly important. This study aimed to investigate the pathogenic effects of TSHR variants classified as variants of uncertain significance (VUSs) in the gnomAD v4.1.0 database. TSHR variants listed in gnomAD v4.1.0 were retrieved and filtered to select missense VUSs based on ClinVar classifications. Multiple bioinformatics tools were used to assess the secondary and three-dimensional structures of the TSHR, as well as protein stability, evolutionary conservation, and molecular dynamics simulations. A total of 2760 TSHR variants were found in gnomAD v4.1.0, including 75 frameshifts, 80 splice-sites, 265 in the 3′ and 5′ untranslated regions, 422 synonymous, 892 others, and 1026 missense variants. Among these, 68 missense VUSs were identified and selected for bioinformatics analysis. Three variants (p.Cys29Trp, p.Leu57Pro, and p.Phe97Ser) were consistently predicted to be pathogenic by all the bioinformatics tools used. All three variants were located within the leucin-rich repeat domain extracellular region of the TSHR and within a highly conserved region across species. Molecular dynamics simulations for mutant proteins (p.Cys29Trp, p.Leu57Pro, and p.Phe97Ser) reveal structural instability in comparison to the wild protein. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis revealed that three TSHR missense VUSs exhibited pathogenic potential. These variants may contribute to thyroid dysfunction by affecting the receptor’s structural and signalling integrity. Full article
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