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The Brain as a Manager of Central and Peripheral Functions—Molecular Aspects in Health and Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Neurobiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2024) | Viewed by 3677

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Michael Ugrumov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Faculty of Psychology, National Research University “Higher School of Economy”, Moscow, Russia
2. Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Interests: developmental neurobiology; neuroendocrinology; neurodegenerative diseases; Parkinson’s disease; preclinical diagnosis; preventive neuroprotective therapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The brain is actually the conductor or manager of the development of the body, including the brain itself, in ontogenesis, as well as the regulation of central and peripheral functions in adulthood. Thus, the brain controls such crucial central functions - of the brain itself, as consciousness, memory, vision, olfaction, etc., as well as peripheral functions such as reproduction, motor, cardio-vascular, endocrine, etc. Both types of regulation are provided by neuronal ensembles that exchange information using a wide range of intercellular signals—classical, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, amino acids. These signals are involved in synaptic or volume neurotransmission in the brain, as well as in neuroendocrine regulation, when they are delivered to target cells due to body fluids (CSF, blood). The action of intercellular brain-derived chemical signals during so-called critical period of morphogenesis (perinatal period) is fundamentally different from that in adulthood. Indeed, in the perinatal period before the establishment of the blood brain barrier they exert an irreversible morphogenetic effect on differentiating target cells in the brain and peripheral organs. Disruption of the functioning of the developing brain during the critical period of morphogenesis leads to the development of congenital diseases that are practically not curable during subsequent life. Impairment of the brain operation in adulthood leads to the development of numerous neurological, mental, and neuroendocrine diseases. Some of them, such as neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer disease, Parkinson’s disease) are incurable. Data on the molecular mechanisms of brain diseases obtained using cellular and animal models, as well as pathological material, are of particular importance since they can be translated into the development of new technologies for diagnosing and treating patients.

Thus, this Special Issue of IJMS on “The Brain as a Manager of Central and Peripheral Functions—Molecular Aspects in Health and Disease” is open to a wide range of studies on the molecular mechanisms of brain functioning in ontogenesis and in adulthood in health and diseases. Reviews, original papers and new technological developments are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Michael Ugrumov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • brain
  • animals
  • humans
  • cells
  • neural regulation
  • neuroendocrine regulation
  • synaptic neurotransmission
  • volume neurotransmission
  • ontogenesis
  • blood–brain barrier
  • brain diseases
  • neurological diseases
  • mental diseases
  • congenital diseases
  • modeling of brain pathology

Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 4701 KiB  
Article
Compensatory Processes in Striatal Neurons Expressing the Tyrosine Hydroxylase Gene in Transgenic Mice in a Model of Parkinson’s Disease
by Dmitry Troshev, Alyona Bannikova, Victor Blokhin, Ekaterina Pavlova, Anna Kolacheva and Michael Ugrumov
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(22), 16245; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242216245 - 13 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1031
Abstract
The mammalian striatum is known to contain non-dopaminergic neurons that express dopamine (DA)-synthesizing enzymes and produce DA, responsible for the regulation of motor function. This study assessed the expression of DA-synthesizing enzymes in striatal neurons and their role in DA synthesis in transgenic [...] Read more.
The mammalian striatum is known to contain non-dopaminergic neurons that express dopamine (DA)-synthesizing enzymes and produce DA, responsible for the regulation of motor function. This study assessed the expression of DA-synthesizing enzymes in striatal neurons and their role in DA synthesis in transgenic mice expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene under the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene promoter in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We showed that, in Parkinsonian animals, the number of neurons expressing the TH gene increased by 1.9 times compared with the control (0.9% NaCl), which indicates a compensatory response to the DAergic denervation of the striatum. This assumption is supported by a 2.5-fold increase in the expression of genes for TH and transcription factor Nurr1 and a 1.45-fold increase in the expression of the large amino acid transporter 1 gene. It is noteworthy that, in Parkinsonian mice, in contrast to the controls, DA-synthesizing enzymes were found not only in nerve fibers but also in neuronal cell bodies. Indeed, TH or TH and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) were detected in GFP-positive neurons, and AADC was detected in GFP-negative neurons. These neurons were shown to synthesize DA, and this synthesis is compensatorily increased in Parkinsonian mice. The above data open the prospect of improving the treatment of PD by maintaining DA homeostasis in the striatum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Brain as a Manager of Central and Peripheral Functions—Molecular Aspects in Health and Disease)
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Review

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36 pages, 1930 KiB  
Review
The Involvement of Neuroinflammation in the Onset and Progression of Parkinson’s Disease
by Anamaria Jurcau, Felicia Liana Andronie-Cioara, Delia Carmen Nistor-Cseppento, Nicoleta Pascalau, Marius Rus, Elisabeta Vasca and Maria Carolina Jurcau
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(19), 14582; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914582 - 26 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2093
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease exhibiting the fastest growth in incidence in recent years. As with most neurodegenerative diseases, the pathophysiology is incompletely elucidated, but compelling evidence implicates inflammation, both in the central nervous system and in the periphery, in the initiation [...] Read more.
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease exhibiting the fastest growth in incidence in recent years. As with most neurodegenerative diseases, the pathophysiology is incompletely elucidated, but compelling evidence implicates inflammation, both in the central nervous system and in the periphery, in the initiation and progression of the disease, although it is not yet clear what triggers this inflammatory response and where it begins. Gut dysbiosis seems to be a likely candidate for the initiation of the systemic inflammation. The therapies in current use provide only symptomatic relief, but do not interfere with the disease progression. Nonetheless, animal models have shown promising results with therapies that target various vicious neuroinflammatory cascades. Translating these therapeutic strategies into clinical trials is still in its infancy, and a series of issues, such as the exact timing, identifying biomarkers able to identify Parkinson’s disease in early and pre-symptomatic stages, or the proper indications of genetic testing in the population at large, will need to be settled in future guidelines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Brain as a Manager of Central and Peripheral Functions—Molecular Aspects in Health and Disease)
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