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Sleep and Breathing: From Molecular Perspectives

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2025 | Viewed by 502

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
2. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, 07122 Palma, Spain
Interests: sleep and breathing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent and complex disease that increases the risk of relevant clinical consequences such as cardiovascular, metabolic, and cerebrovascular diseases. Improving our understanding of what causes the complexity and diversity of OSA is a major challenge for researchers.

This Special Issue will contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of OSA and its consequences, as well as the applicability of different biomarkers for both the diagnosis of OSA and identification of those patients at risk of OSA-related complications. Additionally, studies on the molecular mechanisms of chronic intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation that occur during sleep with regard to the main signaling pathways (including gut microbiota disbiosis, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and sympathetic activation) and epigenetics alterations, such as microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and DNA methylation, are welcome. Original studies, as well as review articles, are welcome in this Special Issue, where cutting-edge methodologies might also be considered. The spread of such advances will provide the basis and standards for further research and the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Dr. Alberto Alonso-Fernández
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • obstructive sleep apnea
  • cardiovascular risk
  • cardiovascular diseases/physiopathology
  • continuous positive airway pressure
  • hypertension
  • biomarkers
  • diabetes
  • pregnancy
  • gene expression profiling
  • genetic markers
  • inflammation mediators
  • oxidative stress
  • proteomics

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 1886 KiB  
Article
Elevated IGFBP4 and Cognitive Impairment in a PTFE-Induced Mouse Model of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
by E. AlShawaf, N. Abukhalaf, Y. AlSanae, I. Al khairi, Abdullah T. AlSabagh, M. Alonaizi, A. Al Madhoun, A. Alterki, M. Abu-Farha, F. Al-Mulla and J. Abubaker
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(15), 7423; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26157423 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 138
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder linked to metabolic complications such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. By fragmenting normal sleep architecture, OSA perturbs the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis and alters circulating levels of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). A prior clinical [...] Read more.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder linked to metabolic complications such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. By fragmenting normal sleep architecture, OSA perturbs the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (GH/IGF) axis and alters circulating levels of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). A prior clinical observation of elevated IGFBP4 in OSA patients motivated the present investigation in a controlled animal model. Building on the previously reported protocol, OSA was induced in male C57BL/6 mice (9–12 weeks old) through intralingual injection of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), producing tongue hypertrophy, intermittent airway obstruction, and hypoxemia. After 8–10 weeks, the study assessed (1) hypoxia biomarkers—including HIF-1α and VEGF expression—and (2) neurobehavioral outcomes in anxiety and cognition using the open-field and novel object recognition tests. PTFE-treated mice exhibited a significant increase in circulating IGFBP4 versus both baseline and control groups. Hepatic Igfbp4 mRNA was also upregulated. Behaviorally, PTFE mice displayed heightened anxiety-like behavior and impaired novel object recognition, paralleling cognitive deficits reported in human OSA. These findings validate the PTFE-induced model as a tool for studying OSA-related hypoxia and neurocognitive dysfunction, and they underscore IGFBP4 as a promising biomarker and potential mediator of OSA’s systemic effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sleep and Breathing: From Molecular Perspectives)
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